In fin de siècle Argentina a secularist ideology of science was part of the positivist world view espoused by liberals and socialists. Between the years 1910 and 1935, a period in which the Catholic Church experienced a significant cultural expansion, the activities of the Catholic naturalist Ángel Gallardo and the astronomer and priest Fortunato Devoto challenged the so far prevailing idea of science as opposed to religion. This paper explores the connections between the scientific, religious and political aspects of those figures in order to get some insights into the complexity of the relationships between science and secularization in societies with a Catholic majority.

La pediatría como disciplina cultural y social* Pediatrics as cultural and social discipline a. CONICET-UNSAM-ANCBA.

During the years of World War II, the American Association for the History of Medicine fostered a Pan-American policy aimed at establishing relationships with Latin American historians of medicine. Juan R. Beltrán, professor of history of medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, also pursued an energetic program of academic diplomacy. The correspondence between Henry Sigerist and Beltrán makes manifest that by 1941 good channels of communication were established between Baltimore and Buenos Aires, but the friendly links did not last long. The motives for this can be found in the competing aims of the AAHM and Beltrán, and the pattern of international relationships during the war years.

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SÍNTESIS -E! De arte venandi cum avibus de Federico II ha sido ensalzado por pane de medievalistas e historiadores de la ciencia como uno de los logros más importantes de la ciencia medieval, sobre la base de su supuesto carâcter "empírico" y "observacional" y su critica a Aiistóteles.En esta comunicación se intenta una reconsideración del significado de la obra, ubicândola dentro dei panorama de la literatura sobre los animales en e! siglo XIII. Luego de proporcionar algunos datos básicos sobre el tratado, se adopta un criterio historiogrâfico, pasando revista critica a las opiniones de los distintos autores que han investigado el tema. Posteriormente se discute la concepción dei De arte venandi como un libro "cientifico" asumiendo (a) que la scientia en el siglo XIII es radicalmente distinta de la ciencia surgida a partir del siglo XVII, (b) que e! tratado de Federico es la exposición de un ars, en e! sentido que los médicos otorgaban a esta noción y (c) que la obra pertenece mâs bien ai género de tratados sobre cetrería, uno de los modos en los que se articulaba el discurso sobre los animales en el siglo XIII.

Despite appearances to the contrary, late nineteenth‐century Buenos Aires (Argentina) seems to be a suitable scale model to explore the relationships between the “conflict thesis” and secularisation. John W. Draper's History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) arrived in the country in the midst of political battles over the shape of the future relationships between the state and the majoritarian Catholic Church. In the decade between 1875 and 1885 variants of the “conflict thesis” were expounded, discussed, and used as rhetorical weapons in the battles over the issue of religious teaching in elementary schools. This article analyses the discussions over the “conflict thesis” between liberal secularists and Catholics in newspaper articles, public speeches, parliamentary debates, and other forms of public discourse during that period. Against the backdrop of a weak institutional church, a vigorous growth of nascent scientific institutions, and a cultural atmosphere permeated by positivism, the opposing parties argued about the “conflict thesis” while each reclaimed for itself the legitimacy of science. The episode permits a close look at how the intellectual leaders who conceived the project of a secularised state utilised science‐based philosophies for purposes of political argument and ideological legitimation.