Figure 1. Example shape-changing interfaces: (a) Morphees, a shape-changing mobile phone [75]; (b) An elastic deformable display [102]; (c) inFORM, a self-actuated pin-array [23]; (d) ShapeClip, a prototyping toolkit for shape-changing interfaces [32].

Technologies for shape-changing user interfaces are rapidly evolving, but our understanding of the design space of such interfaces is still limited. We report a repertory grid study that aims to describe the design space from the users' point of view by eliciting personal constructs about shapechange. The study is based on six similar-sized, shapechanging artifacts that combine simple sensing of users with actuation that change volume, texture, and orientation. Our results show that the 18 respondents distinguish artifacts on dimensions that differ from those of most models of shape change. For instance, they characterize shape-change in terms of personality, territoriality, and state of mind, in addition to more common categories such as appearance and product properties. We discuss how the dimensions derived from users might be used to design shape-changing interfaces.

This paper presents a design approach tackling the transformation of behavior through 'interactive materiality' from a phenomenological perspective. It builds upon the Interaction Frogger framework that couples action to reaction for intuitive mapping in intelligent product interaction. Through the discussion of two researchthrough-design cases, the augmented speed-skate experience and affective pen, it highlights the opportunities for design of an action-perception loop. Consequently, an approach is suggested that defines three steps to be incorporated in the design process: affirming and appreciating current behavior; designing continuous mapping for transformation; and fine-tuning sensitivities in the interactive materiality. Thereby, it discusses how behavior transformation through interactive materiality derived from a theoretical level, can contribute to design knowledge on the implementation level. The aim of this paper is to inspire design-thinking to shift from the cognitive approach of persuasion, to a meaningful and embodied mechanism respecting all human skills, by providing practical insights for designers.

No abstract

No abstract