SummaryWe conducted a postal survey of cardiac anaesthetists in the UK, to determine the extent of magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) use and the main indications for its administration. Questionnaires were sent to anaesthetists at 35 UK hospitals undertaking adult cardiac surgery. Responses were received from 24 hospitals (69%) totalling 124 individual responses. Twenty-five (20%) of the anaesthetists responding to the questionnaire routinely gave magnesium other than in cardioplegia. The most common indications for administration were arrhythmia prophylaxis and treatment, myocardial protection and the treatment of hypomagnesaemia.Keywords Anaesthesia; cardiovascular. Heart; arrhythmia, prevention. Ions; magnesium. Magnesium deficiency is common in hospitalised patients [1]. It may be related to diuretic and beta-blocker therapy, and is more common in the cardiac surgical population [2, 3]. Hypomagnesaemia is common following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and persists into the postoperative period [4]. It is associated with a higher incidence of arrhythmias and a low cardiac index [2]. However, the routine administration of magnesium sulphate during cardiac surgery remains controversial. Several studies support its routine administration for arrhythmia prophylaxis [5][6][7][8], whereas others oppose this view [9, 10] and even suggest a detrimental effect from magnesium administration [11]. This survey was conducted to investigate the attitudes and current practice of cardiac anaesthetists in the UK to the routine administration of magnesium sulphate. MethodsFollowing approval from the Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthetists (ACTA), postal questionnaires (Appendix) were sent to the ACTA contact in 35 adult cardiac surgery centres for distribution to consultant anaesthetists. The questionnaire was designed to examine the incidence of routine magnesium sulphate use, the dose and timing of its administration, the indications for its use, the frequency of serum magnesium measurements and the reasons for avoiding its routine use. ResultsReplies were received from 24 (69%) hospitals. A total of 124 individual questionnaires were completed. Of these, 25 (20%) of anaesthetists routinely administered magnesium sulphate.Of those who gave magnesium routinely, 76% administered it during CPB. The most common dose used was a 2-4 g (8-16 mmol) bolus. The main indications were arrhythmia prophylaxis, myocardial protection and suspected hypomagnesaemia associated with hypokalaemia and diuretic therapy. Several respondents commented on its usefulness in patients with poor left ventricular function and a reduction in inotropic support requirements post CPB.Thirty-six per cent of anaesthetists administer magnesium post CPB (24% during and post CPB), mainly as a bolus of 2-4 g. Indications given are arrhythmia prophylaxis and treatment, and measured hypomagnesaemia.Thirty-two per cent of anaesthetists administer it pre-CPB. A larger bolus dose of 5 g is most frequently given. The numerous indications stated include arrhythmia Anaesth...
Una de las principales consecuencias de la actual crisis económica mundial, en particular en la Unión Europea, es el incremento de los desempleados. Ante esta coyuntura, comienzan a ser relevantes las investigaciones relacionadas con la evaluación de las inversiones públicas en políticas que conlleven a la creación y/o mejora de las condiciones de acceso al empleo en los países miembros. Este artículo tiene como objetivo la estimación de la eficiencia y los cambios en la productividad impulsada por las políticas de empleo, activas y pasivas, de los 18 países de la Eurozona, en el periodo 2006-2010, empleando para ello el Análisis Envolvente de Datos ”“ DEA- y el índice de Productividad de Malmquist. Los resultados arrojan que sólo 5 de los 18 países -Austria, Chipre, Estonia, Malta y Países Bajos- alcanzan la eficiencia en el periodo considerado. Cabe destacar, sin embargo, un leve incremento en la productividad la cual obedece, principalmente, a una variación positiva de la eficiencia. En general, los países de la Eurozona no han realizado una asignación eficiente de los recursos destinados a financiar las políticas de empleo, por ello se recomienda seguir reajustando sus políticas, para así continuar incrementando tanto sus niveles de eficiencia como de productividad.
Efectos de la crisis económica de 2008 sobre el empleo en las cooperativas andaluzas: un estudio del impacto provincial mediante el análisis shift-share Miguel Blanco Canto RESUMEN: Durante la reciente crisis económica, las cooperativas instaladas en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía han demostrado ser una opción estratégica de desarrollo territorial con mayor estabilidad en el empleo frente a otras formas jurídicas empresariales. Este comportamiento es una consecuencia de su capacidad para actuar como elemento dinamizador y de adaptación a las singularidades de los territorios sobre los que actúa. Sin embargo, del análisis a nivel provincial efectuado en esta investigación se constata un comportamiento diferenciado, debido en gran medida a la existencia de diferencias socioeconómicas entre ellas. En este trabajo se propone la utilización de la metodología shift-share para determinar sus desigualdades. Su capacidad para analizar la evolución de variables económicas en función de las características territoriales ha justificado su utilización en los análisis de desigualdad interregionales. Asimismo se ha completado el análisis con la aplicación de los modelos predictivos denominados constant share y constant shift. Los resultados muestran diferencias sectoriales provinciales respecto al nivel de comunidad autónoma, tanto en su vertiente de cambio estructural como cambio diferencial o de competitividad regional. Asimismo, los modelos de predicción aplicados a la evolución del número de cooperativas constatan el mantenimiento de las mismas en el tiempo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Shift-share, cooperativas, desequilibrios territoriales, empleo. CLAVES ECONLIT: J54, P13, R10. Cómo citar este artículo / How to cite this article: BLANCO, M. (2017): "Efectos de la crisis económica de 2008 sobre el empleo en las cooperativas andaluzas: un estudio del impacto provincial mediante el análisis shiftshare", CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, 91, EXPANDED ABSTRACT Effects of the Economic Crisis of 2008 on Employment in Andaluzas Cooperatives: a Study of Provincial Impact Analysis by Shift-ShareFrom the beginning of the 2008 economic crisis, several authors have suggested the need to support territorial growth initiatives by establishing incentives for local businesses. This includes incentives aimed at facilitating funding and business modernization; implementing new technologies; industrial design; improving technological quality, research and development, as well as supporting their internationalization.Within this business network, the contribution of social economy entities to the development of territories must be stressed. On the one hand, because of its capacity to create quality jobs; on the other hand, because of its ability to overcome situations of economic crises, responding more efficiently to the changes taking place in their environments.Thus, social economy entities have developed a rather intense activity in the process of region revitalization. The reasons to account for this fact inclu...
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