Resumen. El emprendimiento y la empleabilidad en el sector turístico de mujeres inmigrantes retornadas es el objeto de estudio de este trabajo, que se vincula con una de las etapas de la migración experimentada por estas mujeres, y las dificultades de integración laboral en el retorno a su país. La hipótesis de partida afirma que el turismo ofrece amplias oportunidades de progreso laboral a las mujeres retornadas. En primer lugar, se analiza el estado en el que se encuentran los cantones turísticos de la Provincia de El Oro (Ecuador), en especial los más vírgenes y poco explotados como los del interior. En segundo lugar, se efectúan dos Focus Groups para conocer a través de las narrativas los obstáculos que enfrentan en su incorporación al sector turístico, los sectores de mayor dificultad y las trayectorias vitales que han atravesado. Se obtiene que, a pesar del importante potencial formativo que poseen, la experiencia laboral consolidada y el poder adquisitivo alcanzado, no es suficiente para obtener una satisfactoria incorporación laboral en uno de los sectores más ricos y productivos como es el turismo, ya que sus oportunidades de progreso laboral quedan mermadas por factores de género, discriminación y desigualdad principalmente. Palabras clave: progreso laboral, discriminación, turismo interior, turismo tradicional, inmigrantes. Abstract. The entrepreneurship and employability in the tourist sector of returned immigrant women is the object of study of this work, which is linked to one of the stages of migration experienced by these women, and the difficulties of labor integration on the return to their country. The starting hypothesis affirms that tourism offers ample opportunities for job advancement to returned women. Firstly, the state in which the tourist cantons of the Province of El Oro are found, especially the most unspoilt and little exploited such as those in the interior, are analyzed. Secondly, two Focus Groups are held to learn through the narratives of the obstacles they face in their incorporation into the tourism sector, the most difficult sectors and the vital trajectories they have gone through. It is obtained that, despite the important training potential they possess, the consolidated work experience and the purchasing power achieved, it is not enough to obtain a satisfactory job incorporation in one of the richest and most productive sectors such as tourism, since its opportunities of labor progress are diminished by factors of gender, discrimination and inequality mainly. Key words: job progress, discrimination, inland tourism, traditional tourism, immigrants.
In recent years, immigration has characterized the Ecuadorian migration phenomenon, conditioning public policies to guarantee the human rights of returnees, particularly those of women, as this is one of the vulnerable sectors. This article aims to analyze the experience of Ecuadorian immigrants returned from Spain and the United States in the last five years, re-inserted in the tourism sector, based on a qualitative study, systematized through documentary analysis and direct scientific observation; as well as in-depth interview technique. The findings show that the immigrants in the study perceive the existence of public policies and programs that support their reintegration into the workplace and entrepreneurship in the tourism sector. It is concluded that there are differences in the job placement process between the groups of returnees from Spain and the United States, favoring the former; Both groups agree that Ecuador has enormous potential that must be exploited touristically as a place for women to receive employment.
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