The new educational reality requires teachers to have skills and competencies to improve the teaching-learning process and, therefore, the quality of teaching, integrating new technologies. To assess the competence level of teachers, a descriptive study was designed, in which 150 teachers from different stages in Spain took part and were administered the DigCompEdu Check-in questionnaire. Non-probabilistic (purposive) sampling was used. The results show an intermediate level of competence among teachers at all the educational stages surveyed. However, this level varies according to the stage at which they work, with secondary education, vocational training, GCE and university teachers standing out the most in the fields of competence analysed using the questionnaire. Different proposals for improvement are proposed too, as well as the existing coincidences with previous studies; furthermore, the need for training from the beginning of teacher preparation is highlighted, as well as the need for continuous training for active teachers to optimise the potential offered by the new technologies, also is very important that taking on challenges such as the correct communication trough technologies, the use and creation of digital content or the protection and security of online data, among others.
We describe the process and tools that we have used to generate and publish the BTN100 Linked Dataset, based on the original data from the Spanish Topographic Base (1:100.000 scale) from the Spanish Instituto Geográfico Nacional. We have taken into account the limitations and lessons learned from our initial experience on the generation and publication of Linked Data from a range of geographical sources in Spain, in 2010, and we have now refined the process in order to facilitate: declarative mappings for the transformations from existing open data (shapefiles), automation of transformations whenever there are changes in the original data sources, version control, and alignment with INSPIRE URIs. As a result of this transformation and publication process we have also updated the reference ontology for geographical features and aligned with general ontologies such as GeoSPARQL.
The new educational reality requires teachers to have a series of skills and competences that allow them to improve the teaching–learning process and therefore the quality of teaching, integrating technology and emerging technologies. In order to assess the competence level of teachers, a descriptive study was designed, in which 101 teachers from different stages and geographical locations in Spain took part and were administered the DigCompEdu Check-in questionnaire. The results show average levels of teachers’ digital competence (B1 and B2, particularly), and an incipient use of emerging technologies by teachers, with less than 50% of the sample not using these technologies in their daily classroom activities, although those who show a higher level of digital competence are also those who integrate them more in their daily work. The results correspond with similar studies, corroborating the average level of teachers’ digital skills.
En los sistemas de riego presurizados establecidos en la región citrícola de Tamaulipas, los productores no miden la humedad del suelo para programar la irrigación. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el efecto de diferentes tensiones de humedad del suelo en el rendimiento y tamaño de frutos de limón italiano (Citrus limon L.). El estudio se hizo en una huerta de limón italiano variedad ‘Limonaria 8A ‘ de 7 años de edad, ubicada en el municipio de Güemez, Tamaulipas, México. Los tratamientos (T) evaluados fueron: Iniciar el riego a una tensión de la humedad del suelo de 30 kPa (T1); 50 kPa (T2); 70 kPa (T3), medida a 0.3 m de profundidad; más un testigo que consistió en la programación del riego utilizada por los productores de la región, que se basa en una apreciación visual del requerimiento hídrico del árbol (cuando las hojas empezaban a doblarse). En la primera cosecha que se hizo en Septiembre de 2000, no hubo diferencia estadística entre tratamientos, en rendimiento de fruto, debido a que los riegos aplicados al testigo resultaron en una baja tensión. Sin embargo, el diámetro del fruto de los tratamientos de 30 y 50 kPa fue mayor (P ≤ 0.05) que el del testigo, mientras que la lámina total aplicada al tratamiento de 30 kPa, fue menor que la del testigo y que los tratamientos de 50 y 70 kPa, debido a riegos más frecuentes y de menor lámina. En la cosecha que se hizo a finales de agosto de 2001, todos los tratamientos de tensión fueron mayores (P ≤ 0.05) que el testigo; el mayor rendimiento de fruto se observó en el tratamiento de 30 kPa con 43.93 t ha-1, mientras que el rendimiento del testigo fue 25.6 t ha-1. El rendimiento, diámetro y relación de sólidos solubles de frutos en los tratamientos de tensión, también fueron estadísticamente superiores al testigo. Nuevamente, la lámina de riego total aplicada en el tratamiento de 30 kPa fue menor que la aplicada a los tratamientos de 50 y 70 kPa, lo que indica una mejor eficiencia del uso del agua al programar la irrigación a 30 kPa.
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