Coenzyme Q9 (COQ9), a coenzyme Q (CoQ) precursor, is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain that drives adenosine triphosphate production. COQ9 polymorphism 18:25527339 is characterized by substitution of guanine (allele G) for adenine (allele A), which modifies the function of the protein encoded by the gene. In Holsteins, allele A has been associated with better reproductive performance in terms of the conception rate, number of services per conception (SPC) and days open (DO). The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein is a transcription factor activated in the presence of cytokines and growth factors. STAT5A polymorphism 19:42407732 in exon 8 has been associated with higher fertility and embryonic survival rates. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of COQ9 and STAT5A polymorphisms with reproductive parameters [calving to first heat interval (CFHI), DO and SPC]. Blood samples were taken from 112 lactating Holstein from a herd in México for allele genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). To estimate the association between reproductive parameters and genotypes, a linear mixed-effect model was performed. The COQ9 AG genotype was associated significantly with lower SPC (P<0.05) but not with DO or CFHI. No significant association with any reproductive parameter was found for STAT5A. Our findings suggest that the COQ9 18:25527339 polymorphism is a useful molecular marker for improvement of reproductive performance in dairy herds.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar la morfología de la cabra mestiza de la subprovincia fisiográfica Volcanes de Colima, México. Se tomaron 17 medidas corporales a 371 cabras mayores de dos años y se calcularon cuatro índices raciales y 17 índices funcionales. Los datos fueron analizados usando análisis de correlación de Pearson, de componentes principales y de conglomerados jerárquicos. El ángulo de caída de grupa, la anchura de pecho y todas las medidas de las orejas y la ubre fueron las que mostraron la mayor variabilidad. Asimismo, las cabras mostraron una gran armonía morfoestructural. Los índices raciales mostraron que las cabras son dolicocéfalas, elipométricas y tienen una grupa convexa, mientras que los índices funcionales indicaron una aptitud zootécnica de doble propósito. Cuatro componentes principales explicaron el 84.5% de la variación entre las medidas corporales de las cabras. El ángulo de caída de la grupa, el perímetro torácico, la longitud corporal y la longitud de oreja presentaron los mayores coeficientes para los componentes CP1, CP2, CP3 y CP4 respectivamente. El análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos clasificó a los animales en cuatro grupos: grupo 1 conformado por cabras con un menor ángulo de caída de grupa, apropiado para la producción de leche; grupos 2 y 3 con fenotipo tendiente al doble propósito, pudiendo orientarse a la producción de carne o leche; y grupo 4 con fenotipo con predisposición a la producción de carne.
Due to its low fertility, expressed as small litter size, a Mexican hairless boar was subjected to cytogenetic investigation. Analysis of G-banded mitotic chromosomes revealed a reciprocal chromosome translocation, rcp(3;6) (p14;q21). Synaptonemal complex analysis showed a regular pairing behavior of the translocation chromosome axes, always resulting in a quadrivalent configuration. However, due to extensive nonhomologous pairing between the axes of nonderivative chromosomes 3 and 6, the quadrivalent mostly had an asymmetrical cross-shaped morphology. The nonhomologous pairing occurred not only at mid and late pachytene, but also at the earliest stage of pachytene. It seems that early pachytene heterosynapsis is a common phenomenon in the pairing behavior of pig reciprocal translocations. Therefore, heterosynapsis may reduce apoptosis of germ cells due to partial absence of homologous synapsis during the pairing phase of meiosis. The frequency of spermatocytes showing quadrivalent configurations with unpaired axial segments apparently did not affect germ cell progression in the boar, since fairly normal testicular histology was noticed.
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