Pitting corrosion often leads to the creation of small holes in steel tubular member of platform structures when a protective coating is damaged. A single pit on slender compression element can cause a significant reduction in the buckling capacity of the member. Euler formula is no longer applicable for determining the critical buckling load when cutout presence on the member. This research was conducted to numerically study the effect of a circular hole on the buckling capacity of slender steel tubular member. A variation on hole positions was at 0.125 L, 0.25 L, 0.375 L, and 0.5 L, where L is the length of the member. The hole was taken to be 0.5 pipe diameter. Two nonlinear geometric 3D Finite Element models were developed to analyzed the member critical buckling load: (a) buckling analysis, where the problem was formulated as eigenvalue problem based on the nonlinear incremental equilibrium equations, and (b) nonlinear analysis, where the nonlinear equilibrium equations were developed and solved by several schemes to get the load – deflection curve. For the both models, the tubular member was discretized into: (a) shell elements, and (b) solid elements. The numerical results were verified by experimental investigation. The results showed that: (a) the presence of cutout reduced the buckling load significantly, (b) the reduction ranging from 3% to 10% depending on the hole positions, (c) the maximum reduction occurs when the hole position was in the middle of the member length, (d) compared to experimental results, the critical buckling load obtained from buckling analysis deviated 1~4% while those of nonlinear analysis deviated 1~5%, (e) the buckling mode corresponded with member bent away to opposite side of the cutout position.
A Damage to the reinforced concrete beam-column connection system had found in buildings such as residential buildings, houses of worship, and so on. This was caused by an incidental changed in the position of the beam elevation at the beam-column connection. The research had modelled the reinforced concrete beam-column connection with variations beam elevation, successively: h; 2h; and 3h where h was the height of the column. Modeling used 3D frame idealization and 3D solids element. The idealization of 3D frames had used to evaluate the capacity of the beam-column due to the beam elevation changed. T. The results showed that due to beam elevation chnaged had significant increased in the moment and shear capacity. The percentage increased in moment and shear respectively were 15%, 35%, and 45% of the control beam-column. The most severe cracks were occurred when the beam elevation was at 1.00hb. The percentage of beam-column connection stress concentration is 8,74% (CM); 9.80% (0.25hb); 11.09%(0,50hb); 12.13%(0.75hb); and 13.41% (1.00hb) for the ratio of horizontal and vertical stresses (S11/S22) on concrete frames. The percentage of stress concentration in steel reinforcement is 4.15% (CM); 4.47%(0.25hb); 5.25%(0,50hb); 4.56%(0.75hb); and 4.57%(1.00hb) for the comparison of von Mises and horizontal stresses (SVM/S11)
Pitting corrosion, an extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in metal when a protective coating is damaged could trigger structural failure in platform structures. A single pit in a critical point, especially in compression element, can cause a great deal of reduction in overall buckling capacity of the structure. This study aims to indicate the effect of a circular cutout, representing a pitting corrosion on overall buckling capacity of steel pipe truss structure subject to static loading. Five models of truss structure having a circular cutout on their compression elements had been tested experimentally up to failure. The truss structures were made of steel pipes and contain only 2 elements as representation of part of real platform. The single cutout were located at 0.5L, 0.25L and 0.125L, where L is the length of the compression element. Two models without cutout had been used as control models. The overall buckling capacity of the truss were compared to similar truss based on the element buckling of compression element. The experimental test results, represented by nonlinear load deflection curves and their associated critical loads as well as buckling modes, had been verified numerically by eigenvalue and geometric nonlinear finite element analyses utilizing 3D solid elements on ABAQUS. The results showed that: (a) in the truss model with various hole positions, the overall buckling loads were slightly higher than that of element buckling loads: (b) the presence of cutout reduced the overall buckling capacity of the structure, (c) the capacity reduction factors depend on the cutout locations and (d) the lowest capacity reduction factor of 0.882 was associated with the presence of cutout at the middle of compression element.
This research aimed to find out the physical and the mechanical characteristics from clay soil at the research location. To find out the magnitude capacity from sand column that occurred in clay soil. Then, to find out the comparison from clay soil subsidence that occurred when given reinforcement by using sand columns and with not given reinforcement, with using several tests that was compared the results from laboratory analysis with the results from plaxis 2D program analysis. The method used in this research was ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) method. The experimental method of test development was carried out to test the design of reinforcement model in a cylindrical tub (iron drum) test with 60 cm diameter and 50 cm height. The research results showed, the pattern from soil subsidence that occurred with using sand column reinforcement was very influential in reduced the soil subsidence. From the results of the laboratory analysis and plaxis 2D program analysis, the reinforcement from sand column as the reinforcement in soil with used the bearing plat. The results were not different in the endloading.
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