The utility of the world internet is on the rise as it is recorded that 46% of the world’s population have become internet users who generates data traffic of up to 8 zettabytes daily. This increase has triggered the growth of data center infrastructure as processing, storage and communication system in the digital world. The data center itself has contributed 1.5% to the total world electricity consumption and this is expected to increase with time. The proportion of energy used in the data center covers 52% for information technology (IT) equipment, 38% for cooling and 10% for supporting devices. One of the problems faced by these centers over the years is the cooling of the information technology (IT) components. This paper describes a cooling model that has the potential to improve the efficiency of energy used in data centers. Numerous studies have been carried out and one of them involves the use of immersion cooling technique as it promises improvements in the energy efficiency of data centers, using dielectric fluids that have high heat capacity. Several types of fluid used in this method are identified and discussed in this paper.
Organic Rankine Cycle is a technology that convert low-temperature heat sources into a mechanical energy, and it can be used to produce electrical energy in a closed system. The heat sources can be received from renewable energy such as geothermal, solar, and biomass. Furthermore, the ORC system can also be used to increase energy efficiency in the industry by utilizing the waste heat produced. Therefore, there are two classification of the ORC system, namely a heat recovery system and binary power plant. Recently, the ORC system has made a thrive in the geothermal power plant. The ORC system can be applied to resources with low to medium temperature characteristics (<90°C - 150°C). This paper will present an overview of the implementation, model, and innovation of ORC system technology in geothermal resources.
Solar energy is renewable energy with infinite amounts and low emissions. The work of the solar panel is affected by the increase in its working temperatures. In this study, 50 Wp polycrystalline solar panel with and without soybean wax placed on backplate solar panels using PCM container as a passive cooling system were simulated on the solar simulator with variations in light intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2, 900 W/m2, 1000 W/m2, and 1100 W/m2. The blower was simulated the ambient wind in the surrounding area constantly. The PV panel temperature simulation approach was carried out to determine the error in the experimental results. The simulation obtained the average temperature at 1100 W/m2 intensity of PV panels with and without soybean wax PCM 56.8℃ and 48.6℃, respectively. The experiment show that PV applied with soybean wax as a passive cooling system can reduce the maximum PV temperature at 1100 W/m2 intensity from 60.7℃ to 54.7℃ and increase its maximum efficiency by 0.42% at 900 W/m2 intensity. Soybean wax cooling system has proven to be effective in reducing PV temperature. The error values from the simulation and experimental results of PV panels with and without PCM are 6.9% and 12.61%, respectively.
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