Excessive nitrogen fertilization and improper management can cause a decrease in NUE in the maize cropping system. Most nitrogen fertilizers are applied when the corn is 4-5 weeks after planting. However, recent studies have shown that modern hybrids take up high amounts of nitrogen at the flowering stage. This suggests that a nitrogen fertilization strategy that starts at the beginning of vegetative growth and later in the flowering phase is needed to maximize the yield of hybrid maize in upland. The study was conducted in 2018-2019 in Liban, Jawi, and Toke Kutaye Districts in the West Showa Zone of the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. The research design used a randomized block design with the one-time treatment of fertilizer application consisting of six levels, namely 1/3 at planting + 1/3 at 4-5 weeks after an emergency (WAE) + 1/3 at 70-80 days after planting (DAP ); 1/3 part at planting + 2/3 part at 4-5 WAE; 2/3 share at 4-5 WAE + 1/3 at 70-80 DAP; 1/4 at planting + 1/2 at 4-5 WAE + 1/4 at 70-80 DAP; 1/2 at 4-5 WAE + 1/2 at 70-80 DAP; and full at 4-5 WAE). Nitrogen fertilization on2/3part at 4-5 WAE + 1/3 part at 70-80 DAP significantly affected plant height, cob length, grain yield, and biomass yield, but it did not influence root and stem lodging. When the data were combined over the two years, the treatment of 2/3part N application at 4-5 WAE (knee height) + 1/3 part at 70-80 DAP (before tasseling) resulted in the highest grain yield with a yield advantage of 1,598 kg/ha and gave maximum net benefit over the typically used full application at 4-5 WAE (knee height). This fertilizer management strategy could be advised for the Liban Jawi, Toke Kutaye areas, and other similar agro-ecosystem environments.
Wondo Genet area, which is located in the Sidama zone of south Ethiopia, is characterized by a rapidly increasing human population and scarcity of arable land per household. There is a need for developing an efficient cropping system to use the limited land efficiently and to enhance food security. An experiment was, therefore, was conducted at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center under irrigated during the 2018 cropping season to examine the growth and yield of sweet basil under different planting densities and row arrangements in tomato-sweet basil Intercropping System. The experiment was conducted with two basil row arrangements (one tomato row alternating with one basil row (1T:1B) or with two basil rows (1T:2B)) and four basil population densities (66666, 50000, 33333 and 16666 plants.ha<sup>-1</sup>) factorial arrangement in RCBD with three replications each consisting of ten treatments. Results of the study indicated that the row arrangement by planting density interaction significantly influenced the yield of basil with the maximum dry herbal (341.49 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) and essential oil (22.86 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) yields were recorded at 100% basil population density with a 1T:2B row arrangements. The cropping system significantly influenced the essential oil content and essential oil yield of basil. The highest essential oil content (1.26%) and essential oil yield (21.83 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) of basil were obtained at sole planting compared to that of intercropping (0.96%) and (15.36 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) with tomato showing 23.81% and 29.64% reduction, respectively. Therefore, intercropping 100% basil population in tomato by 1T:2B row arrangements could be recommended for Wondo genet and similar agroecology area, based on its better compatibility and productivity.
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