is a researcher at the University of Tampere, where she also received her PhD in Interactive Technology in 2009. She has worked on several research projects related to eye tracking. She is especially interested in the application of eye tracking in gaze-controlled and gaze-aware interfaces.
Gaze-control enables people to control a computer by using eye-gaze to select items on screen. Gazecontrol is a necessity for people who have lost all motor control of their body and only have control over eye movements. In addition, gaze-control can be the quickest and least tiring option for a far broader group of people with varying disabilities. This paper reports findings from gaze-control user trials involving users from both groups: people who are totally paralyzed, as well as people with a wide range of complex disabilities. The trials conducted involved four different centres supporting people with disabilities in three different European countries. Several gaze-control systems were trialled by a large number of users with varying needs and abilities. The perceived benefits of gaze-control are described, and recommendations for successful assessment and implementation of gaze-control are provided.
This paper introduces the work of the COGAIN ''communication by gaze interaction'' European Network of Excellence that is working toward giving people with profound disabilities the opportunity to communicate and control their environment by eye gaze control. It shows the need for developing eye gaze based communication systems, and illustrates the effectiveness of newly developed COGAIN eye gaze control systems with a series of case studies, each showing differing aspects of the benefits offered by gaze control. Finally, the paper puts forward a strong case for users, professionals and researchers to collaborate towards developing gaze based communication systems to enable and empower people with disabilities.
Gaze interaction, as understood in this book, provides a means to exploit information from eye gaze behaviour during human-technology interaction. Gaze can either be used as an explicit control method that enables the user to point at and select items, or information from the user’s natural gaze behaviour can be exploited subtly in the background as an additional input channel without interfering with normal viewing. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the potential for applied gaze tracking, with special emphasis on its application in assistive technology. It introduces common terms and offers a concise summary of previous research and applications of eye tracking.
This chapter addresses challenges involved when working with people whose involuntary eye or head movements make it difficult for a gaze-controlled computer to accurately interpret their eye movements. The chapter introduces the methodology we adopted for the ACE Centre user trials, which we have described as the ‘KEE’ approach to trialling and implementing gaze control technology: Knowledge-based, End-user focused, and Evolutionary. In our experience, this approach has been found to enhance the chances of success for even the most complex end-users.
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