Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor potential of guaiazulene-3-carboxylate derivatives against oral malignant cells. Materials and Methods: Twelve guaiazulene-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized by introduction of either with alkyl group [1-5], alkoxy group [6, 7], hydroxyl group [8, 9] or primary amine [10-12] at the end of sidechains. Tumor-specificity (TS) was calculated by the ratio of mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC 50) against 3 human oral mesenchymal cell lines to that against 4 human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Potencyselectivity expression (PSE) was calculated by dividing TS value by CC 50 value against OSCC cell lines. Cell cycle analysis was performed by cell sorter. Results: [6, 7] showed the highest TS and PSE values, and induced the accumulation of both subG 1 and G 2 /M cell populations in HSC-2 OSCC cells. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrated that their tumor-specificity was correlated with chemical descriptors that explain the 3D shape, electric state and ionization potential. Conclusion: Alkoxyl guaiazulene-3carboxylates [6, 7] can be potential candidates of lead compound for developing novel anticancer drugs.
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