The rate of the hydrogenation of benzyl alcohol with a rhodium catalyst decreases markedly in the course of the reaction, accompanied by the formation of an increasing amount of cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde with the conversion of the alcohol. The decrease in the rate is only slight with a platinum catalyst, however, and the formation of the aldehyde is much less than with the rhodium catalyst. It has been shown that cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde is an effective catalyst poison in the hydrogenation of benzyl alcohol, but that cyclohexylcarbinol is not. 1-Cyclohexenylcarbinol, an intermediate of the hydrogenation, isomerizes to cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde during the hydrogenation on rhodium and 7 : 3 rhodium-platinum catalysts to a greater extent than on the platinum catalyst. Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde is hydrogenated only very slowly, but the rate with the platinum catalyst is about four times greater than that with the rhodium catalyst. These results may account for the different behaviors of the rhodium or 7 : 3 rhodium-platinum catalyst and the platinum catalyst observed in the hydrogenation of benzyl alcohol.
<p>Die Zunahme von Wetter- und Klimaextremen durch den voranschreitenden Klimawandel ist zunehmend mit gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen und &#246;konomischen Kosten verbunden. Eine umfassende Quantifizierung und nutzerspezifische Kommunikation dieser sozio&#246;konomischen Auswirkungen an politische und privatwirtschaftliche Entscheider ist f&#252;r die Vermeidung m&#246;glicher Folgen und eine ad&#228;quate Anpassung unerl&#228;sslich.&#160;</p> <p>Gleichzeitig gewinnt die Frage nach dem sozio&#246;konomischen Nutzen von Wetterdiensten und deren Leistungen eine immer gr&#246;&#223;ere Relevanz. Der&#160; sozio&#246;konomische Nutzen beschr&#228;nkt sich dabei nicht nur auf monet&#228;re Aspekte, denn Wetterdienste versetzen die Gesellschaft durch die Bereitstellung entsprechender Informationen in die Lage qua Verhalten besser, sicherer und nachhaltiger auf Wetter- und Klimaereignisse zu reagieren.</p> <p>Dieser Vortrag er&#246;rtert bestehende Aktivit&#228;ten der Wetterdienste aus Deutschland, &#214;sterreich und der Schweiz (DACH) im Bereich Risiko, Impacts und sozio&#246;konomische Nutzenbetrachtungen, u.a. mit Einblicken in&#160;</p> <ul> <li aria-level="1">die Wetter- und Klimakommunikation aus sozial- und verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Perspektive,</li> <li aria-level="1">die Integration von Daten &#252;ber Auswirkungen, Verluste und Sch&#228;den in einer einheitlichen Ereignisdatenbank (CESARE),</li> <li aria-level="1">Ziele und Nutzen eines Risiko- und Auswirkungs-orientierten Ansatzes f&#252;r Wetterdienste, am Beispiel des RiskLabs der ZAMG</li> </ul> <ul> <li aria-level="1">die Entwicklung und Anwendung der open-source <em>Python</em> Plattform CLIMADA [1] im Bereich impact-based warnings (MeteoSchweiz) und Absch&#228;tzung sozio&#246;konomischer Klimafolgen (DWD),</li> <li aria-level="1">&#252;ber 20 weltweite Klimaanpassungsstudien (Economics of Climate Adaptation, ECA [2]) mit Fokus auf Extremwetter,</li> <li aria-level="1">abgeschlossene und laufende Themenschwerpunkte des National Centre for Climate Services (NCCS)</li> <li aria-level="1">bisherige und anstehende sozio&#246;konomische Nutzenbetrachtungen.</li> </ul> <p>Basierend auf einer Synthese der bisherigen Arbeiten erfolgt eine Identifikation zuk&#252;nftiger, gemeinsamer Ziele im Rahmen der D-A-CH Kooperation. Dies reicht von einem gemeinsamen, konzeptionellen und methodischen Verst&#228;ndnis der Bewertung von Auswirkungen und Risiken im Kontext Wetter und Klima bis hin zur Etablierung gemeinsamer Anwendungen und Plattformen zur Durchf&#252;hrung tri-nationaler Projekte.</p> <p>&#160;</p> <p>Referenzen:</p> <p>[1]&#160;&#160;&#160; CLIMADA Python plattform, https://wcr.ethz.ch/research/climada.html</p> <p>[2]&#160;&#160;&#160; Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA), https://eca-network.org/</p>
Switzerland founded its National Centre for Climate Services (NCCS) in late 2015. It is organized as a network of nine Federal Offices and Institutes as well as partners from academia. Since its launch several priority themes have been tackled and published such as new climate change scenarios in 2018 (CH2018) and new hydrological scenarios (Hydro-CH2018). These findings form an indispensable, yet incomplete basis for decision-makers in administration, economy and society. In particular, more information on future climatic impacts is needed. Here, the new programme “NCCS-Impacts” steps in by elaborating a cross-sectoral compilation of climatic impacts in Switzerland as well as a bundle of climate services for decision-support. The aim of the NCCS programme is to obtain an overview of selected impacts under future climate change in Switzerland and its ensuing central challenges for the environment, economy and society. In addition to the generation of new science-based insights, the programme also has a clear focus on the development and provision of actionable products intended for decision-makers. To this end, the work in the different projects will follow a co-production approach. In its core, the programme consists of six cross-sectoral and interlinked climate impacts projects that cover the aspects of (1) socio-economic scenarios, (2) human and animal health, (3) ecosystem services, (4) indirect effects, (5) economic costs and (6) critical infrastructures. These topics were identified as priority needs in a comprehensive stakeholder dialogue with representatives from research, administration and the private sector, and by means of a desk review across various sectors. The programme NCCS-Impacts has been launched in early 2023 and lasts until the end of 2025. In the presentation, we will give an overview of the scope of the programme and present its conceptual framework.  
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