Moving-bed infusion-tracking MR angiography can be used to image all peripheral arteries in 4 minutes by using a small amount of contrast material and a conventional 1.5-T MR imager.

Computed tomographic angiography and MRA are not reproducible or sensitive enough to rule out renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients. Therefore, DSA remains the diagnostic method of choice. *For a list of the other investigators and research coordinators who participated in RADISH, see the Appendix.

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The outcome of endovascular and surgical intervention for thrombosed vascular access is comparable, in particular for thrombosed prosthetic grafts. Surgical treatment of autogenous arteriovenous fistulae is likely to have benefit compared with endovascular means. Definitive randomized trials are needed to provide the level 1 evidence to resolve this latter issue.

The VascuQol is the preferred questionnaire as outcome measure for QOL in future trials and clinical follow-up of patients with PAD.

The efficacy of radiation protection glasses depends on the orientation of the operator's head relative to the irradiated volume. Glasses can offer good protection to the eye under clinically relevant conditions. However, the performance in clinical practice in our study was lower than expected. This is likely related to nonoptimized room geometry and training of the staff as well as measurement methodology.

Blood transfusions can influence the survival of organ allografts favorably, in spite of the danger of sensitization. We investigated the influence of HLA compatibility between blood donors and transfusion recipients on the production of HLA antibodies and on graft survival. Among recipients of transfusions who shared one HLA-DR antigen with their respective donors, antibodies developed in 6 of 28 who had received one transfusion, in 2 of 16 who had received three transfusions, and in 4 of 24 who had undergone renal transplantation. Among recipients who were mismatched with their donors for both HLA-DR antigens, the rate of sensitization was significantly higher in all three of these groups (18 of 30, P = 0.02; 12 of 16, P = 0.0007; and 12 of 22, P = 0.001). The survival of kidney allografts among graft recipients who were given transfusions and shared one HLA-DR antigen with their blood donors (81 percent at five years) was significantly higher than among recipients who were given transfusions and were mismatched for both HLA-DR antigens (57 percent; P = 0.02) or among recipients who were not given transfusions (45 percent; P = 0.001). There was no difference in graft survival between patients who received transfusions mismatched for two HLA-DR antigens and those who were not given transfusions. We conclude that allograft survival can be improved by pretransplantation blood transfusion when the transfusion recipients share at least one HLA-DR antigen with their donors. In view of the increased rate of sensitization and the lack of improvement in graft survival, the transfusion of blood mismatched for two HLA-DR antigens appears to be contraindicated in candidates for transplantation.

A technique to image peripheral arteries with flexible choice of scan parameters for separate stations was developed based on moving‐bed single‐bolus three‐dimensional gradient‐recalled echo magnetic resonance angiography. A volunteer study yielded higher signal‐ and contrast‐to‐noise ratios, less venous enhancement, and better subjective interpretability compared with imaging with fixed parameters for each station. Additionally, six patients were imaged to test the feasibility of the new method in a clinical setting. Imaging peripheral arteries with the new technique in volunteers yielded better image quality and is feasible for patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;11:368–377. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.