Total phenolic compounds (TPC) extraction from the seed and total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) extraction from the skin of "Sabará" jabuticaba were optimized with simplex lattice designs for solvent mixing, and the extraction time was optimized by univariate design. The optimum conditions for the extraction method were ethanol:water (60:40 v/v) solvent for TPC (seed) and methanol:water:acetic acid (80:20:0.5 v/v/v) solvent for TMA (skin). For both compound groups, the optimum extraction time was 30 min. The TMA yield for the skin of the "Sabará" variety was 1172.16 mg cyanidin-3-glycoside equivalents per 100 g freeze-dried sample, and for TPC in the seed, it was 86.50 mg gallic acid equivalents per 1 g freeze-dried sample. Both optimized extraction protocols proved to be extremely fast, simple, inexpensive and to have excellent extraction performance. The optimized protocols were compared with two other methods described in the literature and they were also applied to study the TMA contents in skin and the TPC contents in seed of five other varieties of jabuticaba, harvested in 2014 and 2015.
vi vii "Ser adulto não é fácil. Ainda mais em mundo competitivo e cruel. É preciso aprender a se virar na maioria das vezes sozinho, aprender a seguir em frente sem se desesperar independente do que aconteça e de quanto pareça impossível superar as dificuldades e obstáculos. Aprender a pedir ajuda e a ouvir "não vou lhe ajudar" ou "o problema é seu". Aprender a nunca esquecer e dar extremo valor às pessoas que falaram "eu te ajudo" e realmente fizeram isso. Aprender a ajudar a todos. Aprender a agradecer. Portanto ser adulto é amargo e doce ao mesmo tempo. Sábio quem consegue lembrar e dar importância apenas ao lado doce, ignorando todo o amargo." viii ix Palavras Chaves: Jabuticaba, geléia, antocianinas, compostos fenólicos, antioxidantes.
Discrimination sensory tests aim to identify if a difference between two similar stimuli is detected. In this study we compared the efficacy of Tetrads and Triangle tests in the difference detection between two samples of guarana soft drink, by means of the calculation of proportion of discriminators and thurstonian distance. Evaluated samples were produced by different syrup clarification methods (activated carbon and ionic exchange column). For each test 99 testers were used; Triangle test evaluated three samples, while Tetrad four samples, in complete randomized blocks. Only Tetrad test was able to detect significant difference between the samples (p<0.05), with a low proportion of discriminators and thurstonian distance inferior to perception limit, demonstrating that Tetrad test is more powerful and sensible than Triangle test.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.