Codon 12 K-ras mutations were more common in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas. For the subgroup with stage II NSCLC, there was a statistically significant adverse effect on survival for the presence of K-ras mutations. However, when the entire group was considered, the presence of K-ras mutations was not of prognostic significance in this cohort of patients with resected early-stage NSCLC.
BackgroundThere have been recent important advances in conceptualizing and operationalizing involvement in health research and health‐care service development. However, problems persist in the field that impact on the scope for meaningful involvement to become a routine – normalized – way of working in primary care. In this review, we focus on current practice to critically interrogate factors known to be relevant for normalization – definition, enrolment, enactment and appraisal.MethodOurs was a multidisciplinary, interagency team, with community representation. We searched EBSCO host for papers from 2007 to 2011 and engaged in an iterative, reflexive approach to sampling, appraising and analysing the literature following the principles of a critical interpretive synthesis approach and using Normalization Process Theory.FindingsTwenty‐six papers were chosen from 289 papers, as a purposeful sample of work that is reported as service user involvement in the field. Few papers provided a clear working definition of service user involvement. The dominant identified rationale for enrolling service users in primary care projects was linked with policy imperatives for co‐governance and emancipatory ideals. The majority of methodologies employed were standard health services research methods that do not qualify as research with service users. This indicates a lack of congruence between the stated aims and methods. Most studies only reported positive outcomes, raising questions about the balance or completeness of the published appraisals.ConclusionTo improve normalization of meaningful involvement in primary care, it is necessary to encourage explicit reporting of definitions, methodological innovation to enhance co‐governance and dissemination of research processes and findings.
CD23 and FMC-7 are normal B-cell antigens used during diagnostic immunophenotyping of suspected lymphoproliferative disorders, but the diagnostic usefulness of antigenic expression patterns of simultaneous 2-color staining and flow cytometric analysis has not been reported. We evaluated the FMC-7 and CD23 expression pattern in 201 cases of B-cell lymphoma from tissue biopsy specimens by multiparameter flow cytometry. The CD23-/FMC-7+ pattern was the most common pattern in large cell, mantle cell, and marginal zone lymphomas. The CD23 and FMC-7 antigen, along with the CD5 coexpression pattern, permitted accurate classification of all 71 cases of small lymphocytic, mantle cell, and marginal zone types of lymphoma. The widest variation of patterns was with follicular cell lymphoma, although most cases expressed the CD23 +/-/FMC-7+ pattern (+/-, partial or minor subset expression). The CD23 and FMC-7 antigen expression pattern was predictive of subtypes in more than 95% of lymphoma cases and could narrow the differential diagnosis in the remaining cases. We conclude the flow cytometric CD23/FMC-7 expression pattern achieved by dual staining facilitates accurate and reproducible classification of B-cell lymphomas and has diagnostic usefulness.
Weight gain and body composition changes are common during the first year after breast cancer diagnosis. Women who are overweight or obese at the time of diagnosis or who gain weight following diagnosis are at higher risk for adverse clinical outcomes. Unhealthy weight conditions, compounded or caused by weight gain after diagnosis, are a considerable challenge for women with breast cancer during and after treatment. Despite the prevalence of weight gain in women with breast cancer as well as its adverse effects, little research has examined preventive and therapeutic interventions targeting reduction of weight and/or body fat. The purpose of this article is to update the state of knowledge on weight gain and body composition changes in women with breast cancer. Current evidence from weight intervention studies, including diet, exercise, and combined approaches for weight loss-or for prevention of weight gain-are reviewed. Along with published practice guidelines, the currently available information provides guidance for oncology nurses on the methods that can impact unhealthy weight conditions associated with breast cancer.
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