While previous research has suggested that anger and fear responses to stress are linked to distinct sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stress responses, little is known about how these emotions predict hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. Further, earlier research primarily relied on retrospective self-report of emotion. The current study aimed at addressing both issues in male and female individuals by assessing the role of anger and fear in predicting heart rate and cortisol stress responses using both self-report and facial coding analysis to assess emotion responses. We exposed 32 healthy students (18 female; 19.6+/−1.7 yrs.) to an acute psychosocial stress paradigm (TSST) and measured heart rate and salivary cortisol levels throughout the protocol. Anger and fear before and after stress exposure was assessed by self-report, and video recordings of the TSST were assessed by a certified facial coder to determine emotion expression (FACS). Self-reported emotions and emotion expressions did not correlate (all p > .23). Increases in self-reported fear predicted blunted cortisol responses in men (β = 0.41, p = .04). Also for men, longer durations of anger expression predicted exaggerated cortisol responses (β = 0.67 p = .004), and more anger incidences predicted exaggerated cortisol and heart rate responses (β = 0.51, p = .033; β = 0.46, p = .066, resp.). Anger and fear did not predict SNS or HPA activity for females (all p > .23). The current differential self-report and facial coding findings support the use of multiple modes of emotion assessment. Particularly, FACS but not self-report revealed a robust anger-stress association that could have important downstream health effects for men. For women, future research may clarify the role of other emotions, such as self-conscious expressions of shame, for physiological stress responses. A better understanding of the emotion-stress link may contribute to behavioral interventions targeting health-promoting ways of responding emotionally to stress.
This analysis indicates significant benefits attributable to FLX compared with alternative compression therapies that can help reduce the notable economic burden of phlebolymphedema.
1550 Background: Real world data (RWD) is increasingly used to inform research, patient care, and population health in oncology; however, using RWD at scale requires accurate methods to identify clinically-relevant attributes. Metastatic status is a highly relevant clinical attribute in cancer patients but it is not routinely captured in structured formats and its determination conventionally requires review and interpretation by certified tumor registrars (CTRs). Clinical diagnoses, treatments, imaging procedures and other clinical variables documented in electronic health records (EHRs) can be used to differentiate metastatic from non-metastatic patients. This study describes an effective machine learning approach in utilizing prevalent and standardized data elements from EHRs across multiple health systems. Methods: 28,043 lung cancer and breast cancer patients from two large health systems within the Syapse Learning Health Network with data sources from CTR abstraction and EHRs were analyzed. Patients were labeled for reference metastatic status by CTRs and split into training (n = 22,434) and testing (n = 5,609) cohorts, with proportionate distribution of cancer type and metastatic status between cohorts. A regularized gradient boosting algorithm, XGBoost, was trained using over 750 variables from the patient records collected at the time of or after the initial cancer diagnosis. Results: Integration of ICD-10-CM codes with antineoplastic treatment history and radiologic imaging procedure orders achieved metastatic status prediction with increases to precision and recall in lung cancer (21% and 32% respectively) and breast cancer (39% and 9% respectively), when compared to the use of only ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes for secondary malignant neoplasms (Table). The addition of treatment and procedure data from different cancer types improved the model classification within individual cancer types. Conclusions: One of the biggest challenges in using RWD for precision oncology is identification of clinically-relevant phenotypes at scale. Here we demonstrate a scalable evidence-based method utilizing structured data for imputing metastatic status with high predictive power from two separate health systems. With further validation, this approach may be generalized to other cancer types, applied to temporal slices of data to identify changes in metastatic status, as well as provide a high-confidence designation of metastatic status for other use cases such as staging.[Table: see text]
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