Many emerging economies seek multiple and diversified means of economic development, including openness to inward foreign direct investment. However, some scholars and protectionists claim this hosting of economic activity on the part of multinational corporations (MNCs) might in fact be detrimental to economic development. This paper seeks to address these concerns by using panel data from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and South Africa to investigate a mediational relationship among inward foreign direct investment, skilled labor supply and entrepreneurial activity in the emerging economy context. Our results provide empirical evidence of later stage entrepreneurial activity as a spillover effect of inward foreign direct investment and that this indirect effect is fully mediated by the pool of factory workers.
The Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) offers competitive grants to institutions to provide training to prepare education personnel to work with children with disabilities. These grants have been found to improve the recruitment, training, and retention of special education personnel. This study explored the use of OSEP–personnel preparation (OSEP–PP) grants in school psychology programs from the perspective of school psychology university trainers with current active OSEP grant funding. Findings suggest that OSEP–PP grants enhance school psychology program recruitment efforts and improve the training of school psychologists. Study participants highlighted the importance of diversity within both training and recruitment. On the basis of these findings, authors discuss ways in which OSEP–PP funding can improve field shortages and school psychology training, and subsequently enhance school psychology practices towards more comprehensive service delivery.
See infra text accompanying notes 11-13 & 22-25. 4. A municipality will be a potentially responsible party for cleanup costs when it is either "the current owner or operator of a dumpsite containing hazardous substances, or the previous owner or operator at the time of hazardous waste disposal" Ferrey, supra note 1, at 251. See infra text accompanying note 77. However, the EPA normally will not identify a generator of MSW as a responsible party if the dumpsite was privately owned at the time of disposal and if it collected both MSW and industrial hazardous waste. Ferrey, supra note 1, at 251. See infra text accompanying notes 66-70 & 73-75. 5. 42 U.S.C. § § 9601-9675 (1988). 6. See infra text accompanying notes 27-28 & 33-36. 7. Municipalities currently generate waste at alarming rates. The average American disposes of 3.5 pounds of garbage per day. Beck, Buried Alive, NEWSWEEK, Nov. 27, 1989, at 67. The volume of garbage produced has increased 80% since 1960. Id. An additional 20% increase is expected by 2000. Id. 8. See infra text accompanying notes 29-32. 9. Routine generator liability would represent a departure from the EPA's status quo CERCLA enforcement policy.
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