Background: This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as non-specific and independent laboratory biomarkers when associated with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) mortality risk score in predicting the morbidity and mortality of patient with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study design among 103 AMI patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. NLR was the ratio of absolute count between neutrophil and lymphocyte. In addition, the GRACE score was a valid instrument in evaluating acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17. Results: Correlation test showed a weak positive correlation between NLR value and GRACE risk score (r=0,388; p<0,05). Bivariate comparative analysis showed that there was a significant difference in NLR mean in GRACE score group (F (2,100) =5,215, p=0,007). Using the least significance different, it was found that there was a significant difference of NLR mean between low and high GRACE score group {(p=0,003; 95% CI =-3,556-(-0,736)}. Conclusion: Our study suggests that there was an increase in NLR value proportional to the higher GRACE stratification risk score and there was a significant difference between NLR values in low and high GRACE groups.
Background: Sub-optimal nutritional status in Indonesia is still a continuing problem. There is no significant change in the prevalence of sub-optimal nutritional status. First 1000 days of life is a golden period of brain development. Failure of providing adequate nutrition can lead to the deviation of child development. Objective: To investigate the association between wasting nutritional status and delayed child development Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in this study. Fifty eligible subjects were taken from April 2018 to July 2018 using consecutive sampling methods. Characteristics such as child age, sex, exclusive breastfeeding status, birth weight, birth height, current weight, current height, nutritional status, prematurity, and mother's working status recorded. Child nutritional status was recorded and assessed with the WHO growth chart. Child developmental status was measured with the pre-screening development questionnaire (KPSP). Score ≤ 8 was assumed as a deviation in child developmental status. Results: Wasting nutritional status is significantly associated with child development (p=0.041, CI-0.013-0.096). Prevalence ratio is 3.5 shows that wasting nutritional status is a risk factor for delayed child development. Domain for child developmental delay was 54,5% has language & speech delay, 36,4% has a gross motor delay, and 9,1% has social & independency delay. Conclusion: There is an association between wasting nutritional status and delayed child development. The most often child developmental delay found is speech delay.
<p>Growth hormone (GH) yang disekresikan oleh hipofisis anterior merupakan hormon yang berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan. Terapi GH mulai dikembangkan untuk anak non-GHD dan disetujui penggunaannya oleh FDA, EMA, dan FMDA. Tujuan terapi GH adalah agar dapat mencapai potensi tinggi dewasa dalam batas normal. Respon terhadap rhGH tergantung usia saat dimulainya terapi, onset pubertas, tinggi badan orang tua, usia tulang, dan nilai biokimia saat pemberian rhGH. Tantangan dalam pemberian rhGH adalah dosis, kepatuhan terhadap terapi, dan usia saat pemberian.</p><p>Growth hormone secreted by anterior pituitary is an essential hormone for growth. GH therapy is now widely used for non-GHD children and approved by FDA, EMA, and FMDA. The aim of GH therapy is to achieve potential normal body height in adulthood. Response to rhGH depend on age of therapy initiation, puberty, paternal height, bone age, and biochemical level. The current challenge of GH therapy are dosage, adherence, and age at initiation.</p><p> </p>
Growth hormone (GH) yang disekresikan oleh hipofisis anterior merupakan hormon yang berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan. Terapi GH mulai dikembangkan untuk anak non-GHD dan disetujui penggunaannya oleh FDA, EMA, dan FMDA. Tujuan terapi GH adalah agar dapat mencapai potensi tinggi dewasa dalam batas normal. Respons terhadap rhGH tergantung usia saat dimulainya terapi, onset pubertas, tinggi badan orang tua, usia tulang, dan nilai biokimia saat pemberian rhGH. Tantangan dalam pemberian rhGH adalah dosis, kepatuhan terhadap terapi, dan usia saat pemberian. Growth hormone secreted by anterior pituitary is an essential hormone for growth. GH therapy is now widely used for non-GHD children and approved by FDA, EMA, and FMDA. The aim of GH therapy is to achieve potential normal body height in adulthood. Response to rhGH depends on age of therapy initiation, puberty, paternal height, bone age, and biochemical level. The current challenges of GH therapy are dosage, adherence, and age at initiation.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents has increased, along with increasing incidence of obesity. AIM: The aim of this study was to find out the polymorphism characteristic of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) -629C/A gene promoter and to prove that the CETP -629C/A polymorphism, serum CETP, and chemerin levels were risk factors of MS in obese adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A matched case–control study with obese adolescent aged 11–18 years was conducted from May to December 2017. Samples were consecutively recruited in seven junior and senior high schools in Denpasar. Case groups were obese adolescents with MS and control groups were obese adolescents without MS (non-MS obese). Both groups fulfilled eligibility criteria were matched by gender and puberty status. The study data were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression with significant level p < 0.05. RESULTS: Analysis of CETP -629C/A polymorphism showed, AA and CA genotype were not a risk factors for MS when compared with CC genotype (OR = 0.81 [95% CI 0.23–2.88], p = 0.75 and OR = 0.95 [95% CI 0.38–2.37] p = 0.91, respectively). There was no significant difference between individual carriers A allele with individual carriers C allele to risk of MS (OR = 0.91 [95% CI 0.39–2.14], p = 0.83). The cutoff point of CETP levels was ≥2 μg/mL considered as CETP high levels, and <2 μg/mL considered normal; chemerin levels ≥170 ηg/mL considered as chemerin high levels, and <170 ηg/mL considered as normal. High levels of serum CETP were a risk factor in MS compared to normal levels (OR = 2.82 [95% CI 1.07–7.41], p = 0.036) and high levels of serum chemerin were a risk factor in MS compared to normal level (OR = 2.77 [95% CI 1.04–7.40], p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that high levels of serum CETP and chemerin were the risk factors for MS, while genotype AA CETP -629C/A gene polymorphism was not a risk factor for MS.
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