Cervical cancer is a common and deadly disease, especially in developing countries. We developed and implemented an interactive, tablet-based educational intervention to improve cervical cancer knowledge among women in rural Malawi. Chichewa-speaking adult women in six rural villages participated. Each woman took a pre-test, participated in the lesson, and then took a post-test. The lesson included information on cervical cancer symptoms, causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment. Over the 6-month study period, 243 women participated. Women ranged in age from 18 to 77 years. Only 15% had education beyond primary school. Nearly half of participants (48%) had heard of cervical cancer prior to viewing the lesson. For these women, the median number of correct responses on the pre-test was 11 out of 20; after the lesson, they had a median of 18 correct responses (p<0.001). After the intervention, 93% of women indicated a desire for cervical cancer screening. Despite lack of familiarity with computers (96%), most women (94%) found the tablet easy to use. A tablet-based educational program was an effective, feasible and acceptable strategy to disseminate cervical cancer information to women with low education in rural Malawi. This method may be appropriate to distribute health information about other health topics in low-resource settings.
HighlightsSplenosis can mimic carcinomatosis upon many imaging modalities.History of splenectomy must be considered when evaluating carcinomatosis.Scintigraphy is the preferred for confirming the presence of splenosis.
Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGGD) populations experience more health disparities than the general LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) and the general cis-gender heterosexual population.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of preventative health screenings was done across the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population utilizing Qualtrics. Thirty-five (36%) transgender individuals and 63 (64%) cis-gender individuals were included in the analysis. Bivariate analyses were performed using Welch's t test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact or Pearson chi-square for categorical variables.Results: Cis-women were more likely than TGGD individuals with a cervix to have received a papanicolaou smear and reported being more up to date on cervical cancer screening via papanicolaou testing. Cisgender women were more likely to have had a mammogram than transgender men pre-breast removal. Of the 35 gender-diverse individuals, 14 did not have a PCP, 7 of whom never had one. Fear of discrimination, fear of misgendering, inability to pay, lack of provider knowledge about transgender issues and incongruency with current name and gender with the most common causes for avoiding health care. For the most part, respondents report that these factors cause distress.Conclusions: This study provides data regarding the statistically significant differences in preventative screening prevalence within TGGD clients as compared to LGB populations. Additionally, the study provides series of recommendations for preventative health screenings based upon organ set of individuals rather than gender identity.
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