This article explores the impact of protests against economic globalization in the public sphere. The focus is on two periodical events targeted by transnational protests: the ministerial conferences of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the annual meetings of the World Economic Forum (WEF). Based on a selection of seven quality newspapers published in different parts of the world, we trace media attention, support of the activists, as well as the broader public debate on economic globalization. We find that starting with Seattle, protest events received extensive media coverage. Media support of the street activists, especially in the case of the anti-WEF protests, is however rather low. Nevertheless, despite the low levels of support that street protesters received, many of their issues obtain wide public support.
The main aims of this study were to identify and characterize the flow processes at the plot scale, and to up-scale these processes at the catchment scaie by Terrain Analysis, using Digital Elevation Models (TauDEMs) based on in-situ sprinkling experiments. To calibrate the TauDEM-based method at the plot scale, in-situ sprinkling experiments were carried out on two plot scales (16 m^ divided into 16 plots of 1 m^ on various slopes). The marked differences in the textural and structural porosities between forest and grassland soil appear to control runoff processes. While grassland soils were characterized by a variable subsurface flow depending mainly on field slope, deep percolation was mainly found in forest soils. In addition, the map of flow directions also shows that two factors play an important role: on the one hand, the spatial sequence of the areas with a predisposition to surface runoff, and on the other, the tortuosity and length of channels that enhance the cumulative water volume in the target outlets. When based on sprinkling experiments, the TauDEM-based method provides more quantitative information on the dynamic of flow at the catchment scale. Furthermore, additional investigations are needed to validate the calculations of flow at a larger scale.
This book is about the internationalisation of ideas concerning the design of national welfare systems. How do ideas develop in international organisations and to what extent and under what conditions are they translated into national policies? We focus on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This international organisation is well suited for our purpose, because it can neither exert regulatory nor financial pressure to influence the behaviour of national actors. If the OECD wants to influence national policies, it has to persuade national actors of the solutions it provides to cope with domestic economic problems. One method by which the OECD presents these solutions to national actors is the regular country surveys issued for all member states. The organisation uses the surveys as a means of pushing their agenda for policy debates and reforms in member countries (cf. Marcussen in this volume).Two major questions about the interaction of the OECD and domestic systems guide this research. First, we are interested in the consistency of OECD recommendations. Do the ideas and suggestions about welfare state development vary according to the national contexts, or is the OECD promoting uniform best practices for all countries? Second, we analyse the effectiveness of the recommendations. To what extent are actual policy developments in a country in concordance with the OECD policy recommendations? When and why does concordance not occur? Rather than expecting OECD ideas to have a direct and uniform impact on national welfare states, we hypothesise that the impact depends on the fit of national institutions, policies and politics as well as other external pressures -for instance, Europeanisation.Our aim is to describe and analyse the development of OECD ideas concerning national social policies, and to assess their possible impact on national welfare reforms. This is done by highlighting the problems, criticisms and recommendations the organisation puts forward in its periodical country surveys and contrasting them with the reforms actually realised in 14 Western European welfare states. This procedure allows for systematic descriptive longitudinal and comparative analyses. We are aware of the difficulties in measuring ideational impact. Thus, our objective in this respect is modest: we
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