Training with the MdVT provided similar improvement on five exercises performed on the dVSS when compared with training on the dVSS alone. The use of this simulator in resident and student training may help bridge the gap between the safe acquisition of surgical skills and effective performance during live robot-assisted surgery.

The in situ MACE procedure has reliable long-term results for treating fecal incontinence associated with neuropathic bowel.

The virtual reality trainer was found to be a reasonable alternative to the box trainer for laparoscopic skills training.

No abstract

Procedures with tumors larger than 10 cm were more likely to be converted to an open procedure. Tumors larger than 10 cm may be best approached via an open procedure, especially in the presence of involvement of adjacent organs or bulky lymphadenopathy.