Oral manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are rare, have rarely been studied and have given controversial results. There are few data about IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody salivary levels in the literature, and there are few papers about the clinical impact of antibody deficiencies and CVID on the oral health of such patients. The aim of this study was to measure serum and salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM levels in CVID participants and controls, and to associate immunoglobulin levels with caries and periodontal disease. This was a case-control study involving 51 CVID individuals and 50 healthy controls. All participants underwent examination for dental caries and periodontal disease. Blood and whole saliva samples were collected on the same day of the oral examination. Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels were measured by turbidimetry and salivary IgA, IgM, and IgG titers were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Incidences of caries and gingivitis were significantly higher in the CVID group than in the control group (p<0.05). Salivary and blood IgA and IgM titers were significantly reduced in the CVID group, but there was no association of salivary immunoglobulin levels with periodontal disease or with caries incidence (p>0.05 for both). Although CVID was associated with increased susceptibility to caries and gingivitis, it was not associated with low salivary levels of IgA and IgM.
in HIV-associated oral Kaposi sarcoma: a comparison between the immunohistochemistry and qPCR techniques for detection of HHV8ABSTRACT | Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, using a simple phenol--chloroform DNA extraction protocol, in the detection of HHV8 in small biopsies of HIV-associated oral Kaposi sarcoma (KS). In addition, to validate the use of this DNA extraction protocol to extract HHV8 DNA. Material and methods: Seventeen cases of oral KS were examined. Data including sex, age, and anatomic location were obtained from patients' records and histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HHV8 in lesions of interest, as well as real-time PCR. Results: All the patients were HIV positive, the mean age was 35.5 years, and the affected oral sites were the palate (47%), gingiva (29.4%), tongue (11.8%), lip (5.9%), and oral floor (5.9%). Fifteen samples showed positive staining for HHV8 and only two samples were negative. The same results were observed using real-time PCR HHV8DNA detection. Relevance: Our findings suggest that immunohistochemistry is faster and cheaper to perform than real-time PCR and was shown to have similar levels of sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of HHV8 even in small biopsies. Additionally, DNA extraction using a non--commercial kit, as done in this study, can further reduce the costs for a pathology service.DESCRIPTORS | Kaposi Sarcoma; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Immunohistochemistry. RESUMO | Sarcoma de Kaposi bucal associado ao HIV: Comparação entre as técnicas de imuno-histoquímica e qPCR na detecção do HHV8• Objetivo: Comparar a acurácia diagnóstica da imuno-histoquímica com a do PCR em tempo real, usando um simples protocolo de extração de DNA por fenol-clorofórmio, na detecção de HHV8 em biópsias pequenas de sarcoma de Kaposi bucal (SK). Material e métodos: Dezessete casos de KS bucais foram examinados. Dados como gênero, idade e localização anatômica foram obtidos, e cortes histológicos corados com hematoxilina e eosina foram revistos. A imuno-histoquímica e o PCR em tempo real foram utilizados para detectar HHV8 nas lesões de interesse. Resultados: Todos os pacientes eram HIV-positivos, com a média de idade de 35,5 anos, e as localizações afetadas foram o palato (47%), a gengiva (29,4%), a língua (11,8%), o lábio (5,9%) e o assoalho bucal (5,9%). Quinze amostras apresentaram coloração positiva para HHV8 e apenas duas amostras foram negativas. Os mesmos resultados foram observados utilizando PCR em tempo real.Relevância: Os resultados sugerem que a imuno-histoquímica é mais rápida e mais barata do que PCR em tempo real e mostrou ter níveis semelhantes de sensibilidade e acurácia para a detecção de HHV8, mesmo em pequenas biópsias. Além disso, a extração de DNA usando um kit não comercial, como feito neste estudo, pode reduzir ainda mais os custos em um serviço de patologia.DESCRITORES |
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