Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world …. Surely some revelation is at hand. W.B. Yeats, The Second Coming 1919. 1 If ambition carries the day, … they will use the compact to set standards in key areas of migration governance, which they would pledge to … wherever possible surpass, in national policies and bilateral and regional agreements. Report of the Special Representative to the UN Secretary-General on Migration,
The recent eastward enlargement of the European Union in 2004 and in 2007 has increased the cultural diversity within the borders of the union, and these expansions have spurred a rethinking about who belongs in Europe and how this belonging is defined. This study examines the ambivalent and partial incorporation of Polish nurses into the Norwegian nation. The analysis is based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews and participant observation during twelve months of fieldwork research in Oslo and Baerum and three months in Warsaw, as well as an analysis of Norwegian migration policies, statistics, and nurse recruitment documents. This article argues that whiteness studies, whose history is based in the USA and Britain, needs to take more thorough and specific account of the national and ethnic specificities on which its general claims have been based. The findings suggest that notions of variegated whiteness can be a valuable tool to investigate differential inclusion into the nation, and that Europeanness and Norwegianness are constructed in complex, shifting forms in relation to changing notions of whiteness. In addition, the partial inclusion of certain migrants more fully excludes migrants of color who are not able to benefit from white privilege.
Migration studies have predominantly investigated the socio-cultural incorporation of lowskilled migrants and refugees, fuelled by concerns that these migrants may pose a burden on the state and a threat to social cohesion. Few studies have investigated the socio-cultural incorporation of skilled migrants, perhaps assuming that they will fare well in a country of destination. Using the petroleum industry in Norway as a case study, this article examines the workplace as a key site of transmission of norms and values of the host society. We investigate firm initiatives for the socio-cultural incorporation of skilled migrants and analyse the challenges that these workers experience in the workplace. We then discuss the roles of nonstate actors in the incorporation process and offer suggestions that may enhance the socio-cultural incorporation of skilled migrants into the host society.
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