A impermeabilização é a técnica que consiste em proteger as construções contra a infiltração de água. Sua aplicação e funcionamento são essenciais para garantir o bem-estar de quem utiliza as instalações e também a durabilidade e baixo custo de manutenção da construção. O trabalho consiste no estudo das etapas necessárias para garantir o sucesso da aplicação das técnicas de impermeabilização e o levantamento das normas técnicas NBR que regulam e normatizam a adequada execução e projeto, assim como os testes necessários para garantir a qualidade e desempenho da impermeabilização aplicada. Foi feito um estudo de caso detalhado, acompanhando cada etapa de construção de uma casa, apontando os detalhes de execução, desde os materiais aplicados até a execução. Em cima destas informações foi feita a comparação entre as técnicas e materiais recomendados pelas normas e as técnicas e materiais aplicados de fato durante a construção.
The proliferation of different pollutants in waters caused by anthropogenic and industrial activities has become a significant global concern, as they cause many problems, like severe health and environmental harm. Searching for green materials for water removal entirely and efficiently in this context is challenging. In this sense, innovative materials based on industrial waste become an incredible alternative, as they are waste, disposable incorrect in the environment, low-cost, and need to be adequately discharged. Many innovative materials based on industrial waste were performed in the literature, as these eco-friendly alternatives have great potential for many applications, including wastewater treatment. This overview presents various research that demonstrated different innovative materials based on industrial waste, their physicochemical properties, different properties, the adsorption removal, and other wastewater treatment reported based on different models. Based on the literature, we have also demonstrated that innovative materials based on industrial waste exhibit an incredible potential for the adsorption of various pollutants in water, indicating their promising solution of low-cost adsorption removal for wastewater treatment. Finally, this overview shows that these sustainable materials present significant potential for use in wastewater treatment.
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