The results provide support to interventions that combine intradialytic aerobic and resistance exercises to improve physical functioning and quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of exercise training on aerobic capacity and pulmonary function in children and adolescents after congenital heart disease surgery. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, (from the earliest date available to January 2015) for controlled trials that evaluated the effects of exercise training on aerobic capacity and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity) in children and adolescents after congenital heart disease surgery. Weighted mean differences and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated,, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I (2) test. Eight trials (n = 292) met the study criteria. The results suggested that exercise training compared with control had a positive impact on peak VO2. Exercise training resulted in improvement in peak VO2 weighted mean difference (3.68 mL kg(-1) min(-1), 95 % CI 1.58-5.78). The improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity after exercise training was not significant. Exercise training may improve peak VO2 in children and adolescents after congenital heart disease surgery and should be considered for inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation. Further larger randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to investigate different types of exercise and its effects on the quality of life.
The aim of this study is to verify the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training on the muscle strength of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO, Lilacs and PUBMED databases and included manual searches to identify randomised controlled trials to investigate the effects of WBV on the structure and body function of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and performed statistical analysis. In total, five studies with 171 patients that compared WBV with exercise and/or control were included. Two studies demonstrated a significant difference between the muscle strength of children and adolescents with Down syndrome who received WBV training and that of those who did not receive the intervention. The studies included in this systematic review showed that WBV training has positive effects on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and balance. Results of this study showed that WBV training improves muscle strength, BMD, body composition and balance of children and adolescents with Down syndrome, and a more in-depth analysis of its effects on other variables in this population is required, as well as of parameters to be used.
ResumoCom base em uma revisão narrativa, este estudo visa descrever os aspectos bioéticos envolvidos na autonomia de idosos. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado a partir da produção registrada nas bases Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO, Medline, Ibecs, Lilacs e em livros voltados ao tema. Considera-se significativa esta reflexão, haja vista que o número de idosos tem crescido aceleradamente nos últimos anos e os estudos têm demonstrado que este aumento associa-se, concomitantemente, à ausência do respeito à autonomia dessa população. Conclui-se que este princípio deve estar pautado em atitudes bioéticas e no respeito ao idoso como um ser autocapaz. Sugere-se que novos estudos possam ampliar a discussão acerca do tema, a fim de garantir uma vida mais digna ao idoso, em uma sociedade que envelhece rapidamente. Palavras-chave: Bioética. Autonomia. Idoso. Saúde do idoso.
Resumen Aspectos bioéticos de la autonomía del ancianoCon base en una revisión narrativa, este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los aspectos bioéticos involucrados en la autonomía de los ancianos. Fue efectuado a partir de la producción registrada en las bases de datos: Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO, Medline, Ibecs, Lilacs; además de libros dirigidos para el tema en cuestión. Se considera significativa esta reflexión visto que el número de ancianos ha crecido aceleradamente en los últimos años y los estudios han demostrado que este aumento se asocia concomitantemente a la ausencia del respeto a la autonomía de esa población. Se concluye que este principio debe estar pautado en actitudes bioéticas y al respeto del anciano como un ser autónomo. Se sugiere que nuevos estudios puedan ampliar la discusión acerca del tema, con la finalidad de garantizar una vida más digna al anciano, en una sociedad que envejece rápidamente. Palabras-clave: Bioética. Autonomía. Anciano. Salud del anciano.
Abstract Bioethical aspects of the autonomy of the elderlyThis study was performed through a review of literature and it aims to describe bioethical issues involved in the autonomy of the elderly. This bibliographical survey was carried out through the recorded production of the following databases: Ibecs, Lilacs, Medline, Cochrane Library, and SciELO; besides of books that focus on the topic. This reflection is considered significant because the number of elderly has grown rapidly in recent years and studies have shown that this increase is concomitantly associated with a lack of respect for this population's autonomy. It can be concluded that such principle should be founded on bioethical attitudes and respect for the elderly as autonomous people. It is therefore suggested that further studies should broaden the discussion about this subject, in order to guarantee a better quality of life for the elderly in a rapidly aging society.
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