A salinity gradient propels a DNA molecule through a solid-state nanopore and generates an ionic current whose change allows for the detection of the translocation. Measurements and theoretical analyses reveal the role of diffusio-osmosis in driving these phenomena: After accounting for known salinity-dependent electrode effects, the measured current change caused by the presence of a DNA molecule inside the nanopore and the DNA translocation speed through it both increase with the magnitude of the applied salinity gradients. The effects are consistent with the theory of diffuisio-osmosis and strong enough to enable DNA translocations to overcome an applied retarding potential of tens of millivolts. This work illustrates how salinity gradients can be used to power and operate a nanopore sensor.
Multiresolutional wavelet analysis of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in the time frequency domain ("I)) has Immense potential for improving this tests sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic assessment tool, but choice of wavelet remains a problem. This study compared the clinical significance, as versus the obvious mathematical significance, of using Daubechies 5, symlet 4, and biorthogonal 3.5 wavelet techniques to obtain ABR TFD results in normal subjects. The wavelet techniques showed multiple statistical differences between their TFD results, with a significant number being clinically significant., particularly for TFD component amplitudes. These findings warn against the clinical comparison of TFD ABR results obtained using different wavelets and reinforces the need to state specifically the wavelet procedures used when conducting clinical ABR multireaolutional wavelet analysis.
Keywords-auditory brainstem response, multiresolutional analysis, discrete wavelet, statistical differences. clinical differences.
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