The revolution of cooperative connected and automated vehicles is about to begin and a key milestone is the introduction of short range wireless communications between cars. Given the tremendous expected market growth, two different technologies have been standardized by international companies and consortia, namely IEEE 802.11p, out for nearly a decade, and short range cellular-vehicle-to-anything (C-V2X), of recent definition. In both cases, evolutions are under discussion. The former is only decentralized and based on a sensing before transmitting access, while the latter is based on orthogonal resources that can be also managed by an infrastructure. Although studies have been conducted to highlight advantages and drawbacks of both, doubts still remain. In this work, with a reference to the literature and the aid of large scale simulations in realistic urban and highway scenarios, we provide an insight in such a comparison, also trying to isolate the contribution of the physical and medium access control layers.
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication will be the key technology to improve safety on the road. In particular, the cooperative awareness service will give vehicles the capacity of being aware of the neighborhood through the periodic dissemination of beacon messages, carrying mobility information. Applications like these need a wireless technology able to provide high reliability and low latency. In this context, Cellular-V2X based on long term evolution (LTE) Release 14 is a promising candidate. Objective of this work is to focus on LTE Sidelink mode 3, where resources reserved to direct links are managed by the network and to propose a resource scheduling algorithm based on the knowledge, with different levels of accuracy, of the positions of the vehicles at the network side. Through simulations, carried out in realistic highway and urban scenarios, we compare the proposed solution with a benchmark algorithm based on the concept of reuse distance and we demonstrate that the new solution, other than always offering the highest performance in terms of packet reception ratio and latency, does not require the fine tuning of any parameter.
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