These conditions are caused or worsened by challenges related to HIV medication adherence, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet (J. Keegan, Chan, Ditchman, & Chiu, 2012). The mission of national initiatives, including Healthy People 2020, is to improve the health status of Americans by (a) eliminating health disparities, preventable diseases, disabilities, and injuries, and (b) restructuring social and physical environments to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles that will improve overall quality of life (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2014). This mission is especially salient for the lives of persons with chronic illness and disability including people living with HIV infection.Rates of infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are higher among African Americans than among European Americans. Socioeconomic status, poverty, geography, and lack of access to high-quality care all contribute to racial and ethnic health disparities (Aral, Adimora, & Fenton, 2008). Currently, more than 1 million persons are living with HIV in the United States, and 21%, or 1 in 5, are unaware of their infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015;El-Sadr, Mayer, & Hodder, 2010). The disease has a disproportionate effect on African Americans, who experience the most severe burden of HIV (CDC, 2010;Davidson, 2011). African Americans have a higher proportion of infection at all stages, from new infection to death. Although representing only 12% of the U.S. population, African Americans account for 46% of persons living with HIV and 45% of new HIV infections (CDC, 2010). From 2005 to 2008, the rate of HIV diagnoses for African Americans rose from 68 to 74 per 100,000 cases, the largest increase in rate by any race/ethnicity (CDC, 2010).Evidence shows that African Americans are more likely to postpone medical care and become hospitalized, leading to a greater incidence of disease progression and death for 573794R CBXXX10.1177/0034355215573794Rehabilitation Counseling BulletinJohnson et al.