Besides somatic factors, psychosocial predictors of LBP chronic evolution may be identified. Both aspects must be taken into account in order to prevent chronic pain. Perhaps cognitive-behavior therapy may help LBP patients to cope with pain in a better way.

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Objective: To develop guidelines for low back pain management according to previous international guidelines and the updated literature.Methods: A report was compiled from a review of systematic reviews of guidelines published between 2013 and 2018 and meta-analysis of the management of low back pain published between 2015 and 2018. This report summarized the state-of-the-art scientific knowledge for each predefined area of the guidelines from a critical review of selected literature. A multidisciplinary panel of experts including 17 health professionals involved in low back pain management and 2 patient representatives formulated preliminary guidelines based on the compilation report and a care pathway. The compilation report and preliminary guidelines were submitted to 25 academic institutions and stakeholders for the consultation phase. From responses of academic institutions and stakeholders, the final guidelines were developed. For each area of the guidelines, agreement between experts was assessed by the RAND/UCLA method. Results:The expert panel drafted 32 preliminary recommendations including a care pathway, which was amended after academic institution and stakeholder consultation. The consensus of the multidisciplinary expert panel was assessed for each final guideline: 32 recommendations were assessed as appropriate; none was assessed as uncertain or inappropriate. Strong approval was obtained for 27 recommendations and weak for 5. Conclusion:These new guidelines introduce several concepts, including the need to early identify low back pain at risk of chronicity to provide quicker intensive and multidisciplinary management if necessary.