Little has been written on the form that coalitions take in social movements. Three months of üeldwork by a üve-person team documented the population of social movement events (SMEs) across seven movements in a Southwestern city. We investigated the process and form that led to these events at the interorganizational level. Three different coalition forms, as well as single social movement organizations (SMOs) acting alone, organized the SMEs. The ''network invocation'' form-a single SMO making strategic and framing decisions while encouraging other SMOs in its network to mobilize participants-was signiücantly more eþective than other forms at mobilizing attendance at events.In the conclusion to their chapter on social movements in the
The urban poor face a number of health challenges, many linked to lack of sufficient and consistent access to nutritious foods. Social ecology models demonstrate the negative impacts of high food cost and limited availability in urban areas. These studies note that "food deserts" have a profound impact on physiological pathologies of urban poor populations. Food pantries are an understudied feature of these urban landscapes. To address this gap, this study surveys the contents of food pantry donations during the month of September 2008. Data demonstrate the socioeconomic impact of reductions of charitable food donations on the diets of the urban poor.
Famine Early Warning Systems (EWS) are reliant on data aggregated from multiple sources. Consequently, they are often insensitive to localized changes in food security status, leading to delayed response or interventions. While price and infrastructural data are often gathered, this case study suggests that local street markets and vendor knowledge are underutilized. Few efforts have been made to monitor systematically the street markets as an indicator of local stressors. Findings from Ethiopia show that knowledge generated by expanding food security indicators in this sector can be used in combination with EWS to facilitate earlier intervention in, or to monitor more effectively, on-going humanitarian crises. Indicators developed from this study are accurate, cost effective, and sensitive to local climatic and food stressors.
Social ecology models applied to eating behaviors and health outcomes in low-income urban areas have focused on food deserts and other structural constraints to healthier eating. This study expands that work by identifying culturally specific constraints on food behaviors among low-income urban Native Americans. Exposure to commodities packages supplied by the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations has created a new conception of what is meant by "traditional food," creating a barrier to change. However, this study identifies opportunities to expand the institutional role of urban Indian Centers, allowing for culturally sensitive interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of obesogenic cultural drift.
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