The present qualitative study aims to understand the affective and emotional attitudes that support the maternal experience in precarious conditions by articulating the maternal ideals of socially vulnerable women through the Winnicottian concept of the good enough mother. We used a procedure called Interactive Narrative to facilitate a less defensive and more ludic approach to the studied theme and invited women sheltered in an institution for pregnant and puerperal women to complete a story that had been written by the researcher. In the second stage, we formed a discussion group to gain insight into participants' conceptions of motherhood. The material produced was analyzed as a collective production so that we could identify underlying affective and emotional aspects of the group's imaginative elaborations about motherhood in precarious conditions. Feelings of helplessness, abandonment and loneliness were as present in the narrative productions as the idea that having a child creates opportunities for the development of maternal capabilities.
Considerando pesquisas recentes na área da maternidade que salientam as transformações psicológicas que acompanham o processo de transição para a maternidade e o aumento do número de famílias brasileiras em situação de precariedade social, de acordo com o Mapa de Vulnerabilidade de São Paulo, do Centro de Estudos da Metrópole, buscamos investigar os sentidos afetivo-emocionais atribuídos à experiência da maternidade em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Adotando a narrativa interativa como recurso metodológico, solicitamos a 17 mulheres, entre gestantes e puérperas, moradoras de um alojamento social na cidade de São Paulo, que completassem uma história fictícia, previamente elaborada pelas pesquisadoras, sobre as angústias de uma gestante. As produções narrativas foram psicanaliticamente consideradas e organizadas em campos de sentido afetivo-emocional que comunicam a experiência materna das participantes. Neste trabalho, focalizamos o campo da mãe de primeira viagem, que organiza as produções narrativas das participantes em torno da experiência de ser mãe pela primeira vez. A mãe de primeira viagem é vista por esse grupo de mulheres como insegura, ansiosa e medrosa, mas capaz de construir o seu próprio estilo de ser mãe à medida que cuida do filho, ganhando maturidade e autoconfiança. Os depoimentos das participantes nos convidam a desconstruir concepções sociais preconceituosas acerca das possibilidades de uma maternagem adequada em situação de vulnerabilidade social, e a compreender que o cuidado infantil pode ser viabilizado, também nessa condição, pelo suporte familiar, social e, quando necessário, psicológico, o que sugere a potencialidade de medidas preventivas e interventivas.
Recent studies on the transition to motherhood suggest that a support network plays a central role in maternal experience and in the development of the mother-infant relationship. Being a woman without a partner, having economic diffi culties, belonging to an ethnic minority or being a recent migrant are some of the conditions that overlap with the demands of maternity and create multiple vulnerabilities. This article analyzes the maternal experience of two recent refugee women in Brazil. The analysis is based on psychotherapeutic sessions at a Winnicottian transcultural clinic offered at a host institution for pregnant women and mothers. We describe how loneliness and helplessness challenge maternal skills, while resilience and adequate shelter facilitate the construction of a support network that favors good motherhood. In our view, the professional can help ensure that maternal practices are guided by the cultural reference of origin as the mother integrates into the culture of the host country. Keywords
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