Lo studio esplora dibattiti ed esperienze in tema di democrazia locale, natura e cambiamento climatico, proponendo una comparazione fondata sulle critiche ecologiche al diritto ambientale. In primo luogo, esso ricostruisce il nesso fra i tre elementi e individua le principali critiche ecologiche alla democrazia ambientale. Quindi considera i due modelli di partecipazione ambientale ("ottativa" e "prescrittiva") offerti dalla comparazione, nel quadro della triplice emergenza contemporanea (ecosistemica, climatica e fossile), diversa dalle già conosciute emergenze ambientali. Infine, considera le prassi di litigation strategy ed "eco-democrazia" in quanto reazioni a queste emergenze, nella contestuale individuazio-ne del "mandato climatico" quale nuova prescrizione deliberativa di "protezione sostenibile".
Unrelenting consumption and excessive exploitation of natural resources and their interconnection with the intensification of global inequalities seem to be leading contemporary civilization to an imminent collapse. How does constitutionalism address these ecology related issues? The purpose of this paper is two-fold: Firstly, it aims at uncovering the semantics of "constitution and nature" within constitutional law. The authors argue that mainstream dialogue-based approach (trans-national judicial dialogue) to global constitutionalism is actually based on a eurocentric and anthropocentric logos that excludes nature and reduces her to a simple object. Secondly, it discusses two original alternative proposals emerged from the global South: the constitutionalism for biodiversity of the Andean Latin American countries and the African Union's project to establish an International Constitutional Court. While the Andean constitutions prioritize the discussion on the "ecological deficit" and place nature as their "Grundnorm", the African proposal suggests the creation of a universal judicial mechanism for the protection of the "right to democracy". Given the centrality of nature within the innovative Andean constitutional design and the universalistic potential of democratic forms of public deliberation, these two propositions advance a novel approach to constitutionalism with a truly global scope, capable of both facing up impending ecological threats as well as pursuing dignity, justice and equality at global level.
Tendo como objeto o fenômeno de relação internacional denominado “BRICS”, que está produzindo trocas comerciais e conexões “fluidas” de policies e de legal rules entre as novas grandes economias emergentes do presente século (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul), o estudo visa a analisar algumas de suas possíveis implicações constitucionais, indicando limites e possibilidades de investigações jurídicas sobre a temática, sob o prisma do Direito Constitucional Comparado.
The paper wants to underline why the BRICS as a legal network represents a new challenge for the European Union. The state of the art on the BRICS theme can be resumed in few thematic profiles: on which parameters are the relationships of the BRICS countries with the other world players, from the European Union to Italy, observed and judged; what convergences of constitutional significance do the BRICS countries present; what theories and methods of comparison are Legal Scholars using to study the BRICS phenomenon; what conditional convergences do the BRICS countries produce within their own "network of transfer" for practices and policies; what is the role of national Constitutions as conditional factors in the BRICS economic relationships and what competitive benefit do the BRICS countries have on the global market. But all these points leave the new geography drawn by the BRICS countries out of consideration and the fact that it operates as a legal network and network to transfer practices and policies is neglected. The paper tries to sketch a critical outline of this new international and atypical subject.
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