Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
ABSTRACT. Structured inventory of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in atlantic slope rain-forest of Marambaia Island, RJ. Ants are an important functional component in tropical forest due to their ecological roles, biomass and species diversity. Although the Atlantic Forest is one of the best studied ecosystems in Brazil, there is a lack of information about ant diversity in forest fragments of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The composition and richness of the ant fauna from atlantic slope rain-forest in Marambaia island-RJ were assessed by the structured inventory in an area of 0.6 ha. Pitfalls traps and hand collecting were used for sampling ants in the litter and on vegetation from January to July/2004. A total of 29 genera and 82 species were found in this survey. Ant abundance and richness were higher in March than in July samples. Eveness and diversity of ants in the samples were not affected by the time of the year. Collections of ants from dead twigs yielded an additional seven species and provided information about the ant biology. Sampling ants on plants resulted in 32 species but 12 species were not recorded in litter samples. Some species were recorded exclusively on vegetation, such as Pseudomyrmex, Crematogaster and Pachychondyla species. This study aims to contribute to the development of conservation priorities in one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. KEYWORDS.Island fauna, canopy ants, litter, biodiversity, Brazil. RESUMO.As formigas são componentes funcionais importantes em florestas tropicais devido aos papéis ecológicos que exercem, à grande biomassa e à riqueza de espécies. Embora a Mata Atlântica seja um dos ecossistemas mais bem estudados no Brasil, ainda faltam informações sobre a diversidade de formigas nos fragmentos florestais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A riqueza e composição da assembléia de formigas em floresta ombrófila de encosta na ilha da Marambaia (RJ) foi estudada através de um inventário estruturado em uma área de 0,6 ha. Armadilhas do tipo "pitfall" e coletas manuais foram empregadas na serapilheira e sobre a vegetação entre os meses de janeiro e julho de 2004. Um total de 29 gêneros e 82 espécies foi encontrado na amostragem. A abundância e a riqueza de espécies foram maiores nas amostras de março do que de julho. Já a eqüitatividade e diversidade de formigas nas amostras não foram influenciadas pela época da coleta. As amostras de formigas em galhos mortos adicionaram seis espécies à lista, acrescentando informações sobre a biologia das espécies. As amostras sobre plantas totalizaram 32 espécies de formigas, das quais 12 foram exclusivas, como as espécies de Pseudomyrmex e algumas de Crematogaster e Pachycondyla. Este estudo pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento de prioridades conservacionistas em um dos ecossistemas mais ameaçados do mundo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE.Fauna insular, formigas de dossel, serapilheira, biodiversidade, Brasil.
We provide four news records of bats—Micronycteris hirsuta (Peters, 1869), Dermanura gnoma (Handley, 1987), Myotis riparius Handley, 1960, and Myotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias and Oliveira, 2011 to the Piauí State, northestern Brazil. We also provide measurements and taxonomic comments about the species recorded. With these new records, 59 bat species are now recognized for the Piauí.
Patterns of bat distribution in Cerrado can be influenced by habitat heterogeneity and seasonal variation. We described the bat fauna in Cerrado landscape during an environment-monitoring program in Tocantins State, Northern Brazil. Additionally, we tested the influence of habitat heterogeneity and seasonality on the abundance and species richness of Phyllostomidae in this region by Generalized Linear Mixed Models. In 2010, we sampled 40 nights (rainy and dry seasons) in four vegetation types of Cerrado biome. Taxonomic identification was based on measurements and qualitative diagnostics. With a sampling effort of 43,965 m2·h, we captured 274 bats of 30 species, 22 genera and six families. Carollia perspicillata was the most abundant species captured. Colinas do Tocantins municipality was richer than Goiantins (26 and 19 species respectively). The best model for abundance was the interaction between heterogeneity and seasonality and the best model for richness was a mix between these two variables. We registered eight new species for the Tocantins including three species considered threatened with extinction at national level and one at global level. Such results highlight that this region is important for new investigations on the Cerrado biome.
Foi realizado o levantamento florístico do estrato arbóreo na RPPN Porangaba (Itaguaí, RJ). Foram amostradas 50 parcelas de 100 m 2 , nas quais todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5 cm foram mensurados. Foram amostrados 943 indivíduos (877 vivos), distribuídos em 36 famílias, 66 gêneros e 105 espécies. As espécies com maior VI foram: Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr, Casearia sylvestris Sw. e Bathysa gymnocarpa K. Schum. As famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae (S = 14), Myrtaceae (S = 11) e Moraceae (S = 6). A área guarda uma representativa diversidade da floresta submontana, mas ainda são necessários estudos sobre a dinâmica da comunidade vegetal da RPPN Porangaba.
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