Open science will make science more efficient, reliable, and responsive to societal challenges. The European Commission has sought to advance open science policy from its inception in a holistic and integrated way, covering all aspects of the research cycle from scientific discovery and review to sharing knowledge, publishing, and outreach. We present the steps taken with a forward-looking perspective on the challenges laying ahead, in particular the necessary change of the rewards and incentives system for researchers (for which various actors are co-responsible and which goes beyond the mandate of the European Commission). Finally, we discuss the role of artificial intelligence (AI) within an open science perspective.
This paper describes the geology, tectonometamorphic history and geochronology of part of the northern flank of the Neelum valley in Azad Kashmir, NE Pakistan. Metamorphic crystalline rocks in this area belong to the Lesser and Higher Himalayan Crystalline complexes. Geological mapping of about 1500 km2 confirms the presence of three main tectonic units characterized by similar lithostratigraphic sequences but with different tectonometamorphic histories. Whether these tectonic units belong to the Lesser or Higher Himalayan Crystallines depends on the, still controversial, position of the Main Central Thrust. A tectonic model, involving syn-convergent exhumation, is suggested that is consistent with new petrographic and geochronological data, and with a revised interpretation of the Main Central Thrust.
In November 2018, the European Commission launched the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) in Vienna. The EOSC envisions establishing a European data infrastructure, integrating high-capacity cloud solutions, eventually widening the scope of these services to include the public sector and the industry. Understanding the EOSC structure is a first step in recognizing the opportunities offered by the newly launched EOSC. This article offers some reflections for a better understanding of the realization of the EOSC at the present stage, including currently ongoing developments. Burgelman and Schouppe published under their own names and their text does not necessarily represent the view of the EC.
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