Este estudo sintetiza o conhecimento atual sobre a riqueza e distribuição das espécies de morcegos ocorrentes no Estado do Paraná, Brazil, bem como, determina áreas prioritárias para novos inventários. Os dados analisados foram obtidos da coleção do Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia - MHNCI (em Curitiba) e de um extenso levantamento bibliográfico. Foram registradas 53 espécies de cinco famílias: Phyllostomidae apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies (25; 47% do total), seguida por Molossidae (13; 24%), Vespertilionidae (12; 22%), Noctilionidae (2; 4%) e Emballonuridae (1; 2,5%). Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de apenas 55% das espécies do Bioma Floresta Atlântica e o predomínio relativo de vespertilionídeos e molossídeos sobre os filostomídeos. Estes resultados revelam uma fauna empobrecida em número de espécies e ressaltam o caráter subtropical da região ocupada pelo Paraná. A distribuição das espécies não se mostra homogênea, ocorrendo diferenças significativas entre as composições de espécies nas três principais formações florestais do Estado. A Floresta Estacional Semidecidual destaca-se pela maior riqueza de espécies (39; 74%) e o maior número de exclusivas (10). Em seguida esta a Floresta Ombrófila Mista ou Floresta com Araucária (36; 68%) sendo seis exclusivas e, por fim, a Floresta Ombrófila Densa (= Floresta Atlântica s.s.) com 33 espécies (62%) e somente três exclusivas. O grau de conhecimento foi estimado a partir do Método dos Quadrantes em um gradil de 30' latitude x 30' de longitude, obtendo-se 93 quadrículas. Desse total, 53% (49 quadrículas) não apresentaram nenhuma ocorrência de morcegos e a média de espécies por quadrícula foi de 3,4, riqueza muito abaixo da considerada como satisfatória para o Estado, que é de 24 espécies. Somente três quadrículas ultrapassaram e estimativa satisfatória: duas na região leste (Curitiba) e uma ao norte (Londrina). Aproximadamente 2/3 do território paranaense foi considerado como insuficientemente conhecido e classificado como "áreas de altíssima prioridade" para novos levantamentos, por apresentar uma fauna inferior a 11 espécies.
This study is a summary of the present knowledge on the existence and distribution of the bat species occurring in the State of Paraná, Brazil, identifying areas for additional surveys. The analysed data was obtained from the collection belonging to the Capão da Imbuia Natural History Museum (Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, MHNCI) in Curitiba, and from a bibliographical update. Fifty-three species in 5 families were identified the Phyllostomidae present the highest abundance of species (25; 47% in total) followed by the Molossidae (13; 24%), Vespertilionidae (12; 23%), Noctilionidae (2; 4%), and Emballonuridae (1; 2%). The results indicate that only 55% of the species belong to the Biome of the Atlantic Forest and that there is a relative predominance of vespertilionids and molossids over phyllostomids. These results reveal an impoverished fauna confirming the subtropical character of the Paraná region. The di...

São Paulo harbors 231 mammal species until now. This is an estimate of its real diversity since many regions of the State continue poorly surveyed, and also reflects the lack of taxonomic work for certain mammal taxa. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the São Paulo mammals has increased in 20% in the last 12 years, especially in relation to bats and rodents. These new data are based in mammal inventories and also in the analysis of specimens housed in scientific collections associated with taxonomic revisions. We also know better about the mammal distribution in the distinct vegetation units present in the State, permitting us to divide the mammals in three distinct components: the most important one is the generalists, represented by species occurring in every landscape in the State, while the second one concentrates species inhabiting the open formations, and the third component the species associated with the forest formations. Besides, the number of studies dealing with the effect of fragmentation and the permeability of mammals in altered areas also has increased. Occurrence, abundance and vulnerability data were essential to raise strategies in order to choose priority areas and to indicate priority actions to conserve the mammals of the State, as well as to classify the species in the different proposed threaten categories, culminating in the List of the Threaten Species of the São Paulo State. However, there are many points yet poorly developed or poorly known, such as the limited number of zoological samples, and the lack of information about the ecology and natural history of many species, respectively. It's extremely important that we increase our samples in the scientific collections, especially in areas of Dense Ombrofilous Forests, in the Cerrado fragments, as well as in central and western areas of the State that continue poorly surveyed. The objective is to produce more taxonomic work in several mammalian groups, and also studies focusing in the phylogeography and in the population genetics in order to effectively diagnose the mammal richness of the State, as well as the evolutionary processes responsible for this diversification. Additionally, ecological data accompanying this information is needed in order to evaluate the conservation status of the São Paulo mammals to decide about the better strategies to manage and conserve these mammals.

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal‐central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation‐related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.

foram listadas como as principais ameaças para os mamíferos da Bahia. Trinta e três das 45 espécies ameaçadas ou 'Quase Ameaçadas' tiveram registros em 21 Unidades de Conservação (UC) de proteção integral, localizadas inteira ou parcialmente na Bahia, e 32 das 45 espécies são cobertas por Planos de Ação Nacional (PAN). A lista de mamíferos ameaçados de extinção na Bahia inclui percentual elevado de carnívoros, mamíferos aquáticos, primatas e ungulados, seguindo o padrão observado em listas vermelhas. O alto número de espécies 'Dados Insuficientes' e a concentração de esforços de pesquisa em regiões restritas do estado são alarmantes e sugerem ausência de planejamento e baixa aplicação de recursos para descrever a biodiversidade, resultando em um conhecimento limitado sobre as populações de mamíferos e suas distribuições geográficas. A Bahia ocupa uma posição de destaque para a conservação de alguns taxa cuja distribuição é total ou majoritariamente incluída no estado. Os biomas Caatinga, Cerrado e Marinho carecem de UC de proteção integral para representar sua mastofauna característica. A publicação da lista de mamíferos ameaçados de extinção, investimentos para a criação e proteção efetiva de UC existentes e outras ações previstas em PAN são instrumentos complementares que devem ser fomentados por instituições governamentais e não-governamentais no intuito de proteger a rica diversidade de mamíferos da Bahia. Palavras-chave: conservação de biodiversidade; espécies ameaçadas; Mammalia. ABSTRACT-FIRST EVALUATION OF MAMMALS CONSERVATION STATUS IN BAHIA, BRAZIL Endangered species lists identify real and potential taxa extinction risks at global and regional scales, supporting decision-making processes and public policy. The construction of the first list of threatened species in Bahia state started in 2013. This paper describes the evaluation of conservation status of mammals in Bahia and its main results. The list was built in three phases: (1) preparatory, (2) evaluation and (3) final (validation). One species was considered regionally extinct, 41 were included in categories of threat ('Critically Endangered', 'Endangered' or 'Vulnerable') and four were considered 'Near Threatened'. Moreover, 51 species were classified as 'Data Deficient'. Habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting and roadkill were listed as the main threats for mammals in Bahia state. Thirty three out of 45 threatened or 'Near Threatened' species were recorded in 21 strictly protected areas (PA), completely or partially located in Bahia, and 32 of the 45 species are included in National Action Plans (PAN). The list of threatened mammals of Bahia includes a high percentage of carnivores, aquatic mammals, primates and ungulates, following the pattern of red lists. The high number of 'Data Deficient' species and research effort concentration in relatively small regions along the state are alarming and suggest the absence of planning and insufficient resource destination for biodiversity description, resulting in a limited knowledge on mammal populatio...

ABSTRACT. The Atlantic Forest small mammal land fauna, except bats, and the abiotic factors that might have an influence on its composition, were studied in the ltapevi County, State ofSão Paulo, a forested region, partly altered by antropic action, from January, 1995 to June, 1996. The trapping effort consisted of2,888 trap-nights, resulting in a 4.6% trapping success and consisted of monthly trappings, for five consecutive days . During this period, 134 specimens were captured, ofwhich 46.3% were Didelphimorphia and 53.7% were Rodentia. Eleven species were registered: two Didelphimorphia: Didelphis marsupialis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Marmosops incanus (Lund, 1841), and nine Rodentia: Akodon cursor (Winge, 1887), Bolomys lasiurus (Lund, 1841), Oxymycterus hispidus Pictet, 1843, Oxymycterus nasutus (Waterhouse, 1837), Oligoryzomys nigripes (Olfers, 1818), Ory=omys angouya (Fischer, 1814), Rallus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769), Euryzygomalomys spinosus (G. Fischer, 1814) and Cavia aperea Erxleben, 1777. The relative density indices were corre1ated with meteorological data by Spearman and Pearson coefticients. For marsupiais these correlations were not significant. For rodents, the correlations were significant and directly related to lower temperature and rainfall indices (p<0.05). During the dry season the occurrence of small mammals was 50% greater than during the wet season, probably due to foraging strategies in the studied fragment of Atlantic Fores!. KEY WORDS. Small mammals, marsupial, rodent, Atlantic Forest Growing economic development has destroyed the Atlantic Forest, especially in Southeastern Brazil, where gradual deforestation has generated mosaics with isolated fragments in different stages of secondary regeneration. Only 5% of the Atlantic forest remains, with less than 1% ofthe original vegetation (MITTERMEIER et aI. 1982;FONSECA 1985). Except bats, in this ecosystem there are 80 species of