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The nuclear DNA content of 11 species of Glomales was evaluated by flow cytometry after DAPI staining relative to Gigaspora margarita, which was used as internal standard. The nuclear DNA content of this species was calibrated by propidium iodide staining relative to chicken red blood cells. A correction was applied when the difference in AT content of the DNA was significant between a sample and the standard. A single unimodal peak of fluorescence was observed for nuclei from the quiescent spores of the 11 fungal species studied. It was considered that this peak corresponded to the amount of DNA in the genome of each species. Important interspecific variations in DNA content per nucleus (1- to 8-fold) were observed among four species of the genus Scutellospora.Key words: nucleus, DNA content, flow cytometry, spore, Glomales.

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The association between Clostridium species identification from stool samples in preterm neonates and the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis has been increasingly reported. To confirm the specific impact of Clostridium butyricum in this pathology, selective culture procedure was used for Clostridia isolation. Whole-genome analysis was employed to investigate genomic relationships between isolates. Stool samples from present study, as well as from previously investigated cases, were implicated including 88 from preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis and 71 from matched controls. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the presence of C. butyricum from stools of new cases. Clostridium species prevalence isolated by culture was compared between patients with necrotizing enterocolitis and controls. By combining results of both culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods, C. butyricum was significantly more frequent in stool samples from preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis than in controls. Whole-genome analysis of 81 genomes including 58 neonates’ isolates revealed that cases were clustered depending on geographical origin of isolation. Controls isolates presented genomic relations with that of patients suggesting a mechanism of asymptomatic carriage. Overall, this suggests an epidemiology comparable to that observed in Clostridium difficile colitis in adults.

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