Background and Aims:Studies carried out in different countries have shown that source of patient admission in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is associated to death. Patients admitted from wards show a greater ICU mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between admission source and outcome in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).Materials and Methods:We studied all PICU admissions that took place between January 2002 and December 2005 in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. The major outcome studied was death while in the PICU. The independent variable analyzed was admission source, defined either as pediatric emergency room (PER), wards, operating room (OR) of the same hospital or other sources.Results:A total of 1823 admissions were studied. The overall expected mortality based on the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 was 6.5% and the observed mortality was 10.3%. In adjusted analysis, the mortality was doubled in patients admitted from wards when compared with the PER patients.Conclusions:Observed mortality rates were higher in patients admitted from wards within the same hospital, even after adjustment.
ObjectiveCompare the scores resulting from the Comfort-B scale with the bispectral index in
children in an intensive care unit.MethodsEleven children between the ages of 1 month and 16 years requiring mechanical
ventilation and sedation were simultaneously classified based on the bispectral
index and the Comfort-B scale. Their behavior was recorded using digital
photography, and the record was later evaluated by three independent evaluators.
Agreement tests (Bland-Altman and Kappa) were then performed. The correlation
between the two methods (Pearson correlation) was tested.ResultsIn total, 35 observations were performed on 11 patients. Based on the Kappa
coefficient, the agreement among evaluators ranged from 0.56 to 0.75 (p<0.001).
There was a positive and consistent association between the bispectral index and
the Comfort-B scale [r=0.424 (p=0.011) to r=0.498 (p=0.002)].ConclusionDue to the strong correlation between the independent evaluators and the
consistent correlation between the two methods, the results suggest that the
Comfort-B scale is reproducible and useful in classifying the level of sedation in
children requiring mechanical ventilation.
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