This paper reports on a cooperative international evaluation of grapheme-to-phoneme (GP) conversion for text-to-speech synthesis in French. Test methodology and test corpora are described. The results for eight systems are provided and analysed in some detail. The contribution of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, it gives an accurate picture of the state-of-the-art in the domain of GP conversion for French, and points out the problems still to be solved. On the other hand, much room is devoted to a discussion of methodological issues for this task. We hope this could help future evaluations of similar systems in other languages.

Energy consumption is one of the main limiting factors for designing and deploying ultrascale systems. Therefore, this paper presents challenges and trends associated with energy efficiency for ultrascale systems based on current activities of the working group on "Energy Efficiency" in the European COST Action Nesus IC1305. The analysis contains major areas that are related to studies of energy efficiency in ultrascale systems: heterogeneous and low power hardware architectures, power monitoring at large scale, modeling and simulation of ultrascale systems, energy-aware scheduling and resource management, and energy-efficient application design.

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A decentralized control architecture has been developed on the walking machine AMRU5. The vehicle is actuated by 18 DC motors, which have to be highly synchronized to produce a smooth motion of the robot body. Each leg has 3 motors driven by a microcontroller. The six microcontrollers communicate with a PC running real-time Linux which manages the feet motion generation to produce the desired gait. The complete control chain has been developed using standard freely available C tools.