The flood frequency and the dikes overtopping at the downstream part of transboundary (Bulgaria-Greece-Turkey) river Evros/Maritza has increased dramatically in the last 13 years. It is not clear if the increase of flood frequency is due to climatic changes or to inappropriate management of Bulgarian dams. This fact raises the question of modeling the flood routing through the many dams in the Bulgarian territory (upstream), which receive the runoff of the 38% of the area of the Evros watershed in Bulgaria, in a way to protect the downstream countries from flooding. The basic objective of this paper is the development of a new management tool (software) for the simulation of the rainfall-runoff and routing process taking into account the existence of many dams and mainly their operation not only from a hydrologic viewpoint, but also from the administrative, with emphasis on the "energy-economic" exploitation of the reservoirs. The developed software (named Evrofloods) models the rainfall-runoff, the routing of runoff through the various Evros river tributaries taking in account various scenarios of the runoff through the artificial reservoirs with the aim of optimal management of the water released from the dams spillways and turbines. The "optimal management" is related with the finding for a given rainfall distribution, the appropriate combination of actions at many reservoirs ("reservoirs management") in order to prevent or mitigate the floods downstream, aiming at the same time to minimize hydroelectric energy loss. Although Evrofloods software is basically dedicated to the large Evros basin, it can be easily used to determine the management of large transboundary rivers with many artificial reservoirs to avoid floods downstream. Recent European legislation on floods encourages the good cooperation of neighbor countries, to avoid floods.
Major flood events occurred in the Arda River region in the last decades with great economic, social and environmental effects. A specific software package has been developed for the simulation of the flood runoff and routing process of the transboundary Arda River basin. The software package is taking into account the existence of the three cascade Bulgarian reservoirs aiming to flood protection and power optimization. Inflow estimations for duration of five days ahead and initial water levels at the three reservoirs are imported at the beginning of the simulation. The management tool includes all the alternative operation modes of hydropower plants, water released from spillways, and river and reservoir flow characteristics in order to optimize the total system (power generation and flooding costs) during the flood event. The developed software is also an efficient tool for the establishment of a flood warning system.
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