Aims To assess the proportion of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who are eligible for sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) based on the European Medicines Agency/Food and Drug Administration (EMA/FDA) label, the PARADIGM‐HF trial and the 2016 ESC guidelines, and the association between eligibility and outcomes. Methods and results Outpatients with HFrEF in the ESC‐EORP‐HFA Long‐Term Heart Failure (HF‐LT) Registry between March 2011 and November 2013 were considered. Criteria for LCZ696 based on EMA/FDA label, PARADIGM‐HF and ESC guidelines were applied. Of 5443 patients, 2197 and 2373 had complete information for trial and guideline eligibility assessment, and 84%, 12% and 12% met EMA/FDA label, PARADIGM‐HF and guideline criteria, respectively. Absent PARADIGM‐HF criteria were low natriuretic peptides (21%), hyperkalemia (4%), hypotension (7%) and sub‐optimal pharmacotherapy (74%); absent Guidelines criteria were LVEF>35% (23%), insufficient NP levels (30%) and sub‐optimal pharmacotherapy (82%); absent label criteria were absence of symptoms (New York Heart Association class I). When a daily requirement of ACEi/ARB ≥ 10 mg enalapril (instead of ≥ 20 mg) was used, eligibility rose from 12% to 28% based on both PARADIGM‐HF and guidelines. One‐year heart failure hospitalization was higher (12% and 17% vs. 12%) and all‐cause mortality lower (5.3% and 6.5% vs. 7.7%) in registry eligible patients compared to the enalapril arm of PARADIGM‐HF. Conclusions Among outpatients with HFrEF in the ESC‐EORP‐HFA HF‐LT Registry, 84% met label criteria, while only 12% and 28% met PARADIGM‐HF and guideline criteria for LCZ696 if requiring ≥ 20 mg and ≥ 10 mg enalapril, respectively. Registry patients eligible for LCZ696 had greater heart failure hospitalization but lower mortality rates than the PARADIGM‐HF enalapril group.

We sought to evaluate the impact of experience and proficiency with radial approach (RA) on clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed via femoral approach (FA) in the “real-world” national registry. A total of 539 invasive cardiologists performing PCIs in 151 invasive cardiology centers in Poland between 2014 and 2017 were included. Proficiency threshold was set at >300 PCIs during four consecutive years per individual operator. The majority of operators performed >75% of all PCIs via RA (449 (65.4%)), 143 (20.8%) in 50–75% of cases, 62 (9.0%) in 25–50% and only 33 (4.8%) invasive cardiologists were using RA in <25% of all PCIs. Operators with the highest proficiency in RA were associated with increased risk of periprocedural death, stroke and bleeding complications at access site during angiography via FA. Similarly, higher prevalence of periprocedural mortality during PCI with FA was observed in most experienced radial operators as compared to other groups. The detrimental effect of FA utilization by the most experienced radial operators was observed in both stable angina and acute coronary syndromes. Higher experience and utilization of RA might be linked to worse outcomes of PCIs performed via femoral artery in both stable and acute settings.

Background Both unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are still classified together in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes despite the fact they substantially differ in both clinical profile and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate contemporary clinical characteristics and outcomes of unstable angina patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in comparison with stable angina and NSTEMI in Swietokrzyskie District of Poland in years 2015–2017. Methods A total of 7187 patients after PCI from ORPKI Registry (38% with diagnosis of unstable angina) were included into the analysis. Impact of clinical presentation (unstable angina, stable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI) on three-year outcomes were determined. Results Unstable angina patients were older than stable angina but younger than NSTEMI individuals. In unstable angina group, the percentage of previous myocardial infarction (MI), PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was the highest among all analyzed groups. In three-year observation, the risk of death as well as MI and MACE in unstable angina after PCI was higher than stable angina angina but considerably lower than in the NSTEMI group. Multivariate analysis confirmed that prognosis in NSTEMI was substantially worse in comparison with unstable angina [relative risk (RR) 1.365, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.126–1.655, P = 0.0015]. On the contrary in unstable angina and stable angina patients, the impact of diagnosis on mortality risk was similar (RR 1.189, 95% CI: 0.932–1.518, P = 0.1620). Parallel results were observed in respect of MI and MACE. Independent predictors of death or MACE were: age, kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, previous stroke or previous PCI. Conclusion Three-year prognosis in unstable angina was considerable better in comparison with NSTEMI. On the contrary, after adjustment for baseline differences, the outcomes (death, MI, MACE) in unstable angina and stable angina patients were comparable.

Introduction Safety of dental extractions in patients on chronic antiplatelet therapy either with only acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or clopidogrel or with both combined has been a matter of debate, with no clearly conclusive studies published. Aim To perform a meta-analysis of published observational studies in order to study the effect of single and double antiplatelet therapy in comparison to controls on the occurrence of immediate local bleeding complications during dental extractions. Material and methods PubMed/Scopus/Embase database search revealed 22 papers (13 original and 9 review), 3 of which were finally included in the meta-analysis. Phrases searched: dual[All Fields] AND antiplatelet[All Fields] AND (“therapy”[Subheading] OR “therapy”[All Fields] OR “therapeutics”[MeSH Terms] OR “therapeutics”[All Fields]) AND (“tooth extraction”[MeSH Terms] OR (“tooth”[All Fields] AND “extraction”[All Fields]) OR “tooth extraction”[All Fields]). Results The overall event incidence (bleeding complication after extraction) in the entire population was 1.59% (42 events in 2637 patients). As compared to the control group, the use of double antiplatelet therapy DAPT was associated with on odd ratio OR of 40.23 (95% CI: 4.37–370.36) increase in risk of bleeding events occurrence ( p = 0.0011). Significant heterogeneity was observed ( p < 0.001; I 2 of 76.7%). Conclusions Dental extractions following strict procedural protocols in patients on double antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and ASA are associated with an additional risk of immediate local bleeding complications.

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We present the cases of two patients with hypothermia, with a detailed description of electrocardiographic changes associated with hypothermia. In both cases, J wave was initially misdiagnosed as left bundle branch block (LBBB). We discuss the differentiation of J wave from LBBB.

COVID-19 causes thromboembolic complications that affect the patient’s prognosis. COVID‑19 vaccines significantly improve the prognosis for the course of the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of patient characteristics, including COVID-19 vaccinations, on perioperative mortality in acute coronary syndrome in Poland during the pandemic. We analyzed the data of 243,515 patients from the National Registry of Invasive Cardiology Procedures (Ogólnopolski Rejestr Procedur Kardiologii Inwazyjnej [ORPKI]). In this group, 7407 patients (21.74%) had COVID-19. The statistical analysis was based on a neural network that was verified by the random forest method. In 2020, the most significant impact on prognosis came from a diagnosis of unstable angina, a short period (<2 h) from pain occurrence to first medical contact, and a history of stroke. In 2021, the most significant factors were pre-hospital cardiac arrest, female sex, and a short period (<2 h) from first medical contact to coronary angiography. After adjusting for a six-week lag, a diagnosis of unstable angina and psoriasis were found to be relevant in the data from 2020, while in 2021, it was the time from the pain occurrence to the first medical contact (2–12 h) in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and the time from first contact to balloon inflation (2–12 h) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The number of vaccinations was one of the least significant factors. COVID-19 vaccination does not directly affect perioperative prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

A b s t r a c tBackground: Chronic total occlusions (CTO) are diagnosed in about 30% of angiograms in patients with coronary artery disease. In recent years the efficacy of percutaneous revascularisation of CTO has been on rise but simultaneously has constituted increasingly smaller percentage of all coronary interventions. One of the causes discouraging from such technically demanding procedures may be the lack of knowledge of CTO.Aim: An attempt to assess the state of knowledge of coronary CTO among Polish physicians. Methods: In the study participated physicians with an interest in the subject of CTO. Study was performed with a questionnaire including questions regarding basic knowledge of coronary CTO.Results: In the study participated 115 physicians , most of them were non-invasive cardiologists. Only 36.5% of responders could provide incidence of CTO correctly. 62.5% of responders chose medical therapy as a preferable method of treatment. A majority of participants (77.4%) appreciated the need to demonstrate ischaemia and myocardial viability in the region supplied by the occluded artery before revascularisation of a CTO.Conclusions: The level of knowledge about coronary CTO among Polish physicians is not sufficient. Further education in this subject is necessary not only among interventional cardiologist but also among other doctors providing care for patients with coronary artery disease.Key words: chronic total occlusions, percutaneous interventions, physician's knowledge S t r e s z c z e n i e Wstęp: Przewlekłe okluzje tętnic (CTO) stwierdza się w ok. 30% angiogramów pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca. W ostatnich latach skuteczność zabiegów przezskórnej rewaskularyzacji CTO wzrasta, ale jednocześnie udrożnienia CTO stanowią coraz niższy odsetek wszystkich interwencji wieńcowych. Jednym z czynników zniechęcających do podejmowania tych wymagających technicznie zabiegów może być brak wiedzy na temat CTO.Cel: Próba określenia stanu wiedzy na temat przewlekłych okluzji tętnic wieńcowych wśród polskich lekarzy. Metody: W badaniu wzięli udział lekarze zainteresowani zagadnieniami przewlekłych okluzji tętnic wieńcowych. Zostało ono przeprowadzone przy użyciu ankiety zawierającej pytania dotyczące podstawowych informacji na temat przewlekłych okluzji tętnic wieńcowych.Wyniki: W badaniu wzięło udział 115 osób, w większości kardiolodzy nieinwazyjni. Jedynie 36,5% uczestników badania potrafiło prawidłowo określić częstość występowania CTO. W 62,5% respondenci jako preferowaną formę terapii wskazali leczenie zachowawcze. Większość uczestników badania (77,4%) dostrzega konieczność wykazania niedokrwienia i żywotności mięśnia sercowego zaopatrywanego przez zamknięte naczynie przed rewaskularyzacją przewlekłej niedrożności tętnicy wieńcowej.Wnioski: Poziom wiedzy na temat CTO wśród polskich lekarzy jest niewystarczający. Konieczne są dalsze działania edukacyjne w tym zakresie skierowane nie tylko do kardiologów interwencyjnych, ale też pozostałych lekarzy zajmujących się pacjentami z chorobą wieńcową.Słowa kluc...