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IntroductionInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic condition of the colon and small intestine. The disease is common in young people (children and young adults), but it is rare in children younger than five years of age. Therefore, IBD developing during the first years of life (under the age of 5) is known as an early-onset IBD (EO-IBD), and it is considered to be a specific entity with a distinct phenotype. However, the available data on that issue are still insufficient.AimTo determine the characteristics and clinical course of children with early-onset IBD.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective database analysis of 47 infants younger than 5 years old diagnosed with IBD. Patient's demographic data, including age, sex, and age at disease onset, were collected in 6 paediatric hospitals in Poland. Disease location was established on the basis of the review of all endoscopic, colonoscopic, histopathological, and radiological records. All possible complications were reported, as well as any treatment and its efficacy. Since the diagnosis was established all patients have been on follow up.ResultsAmong 47 children registered in the database, 23 (49%) had a diagnosis of CD, 16 (34%) had UC, and 8 (17%) had IC (indeterminate colitis). The mean age at diagnosis was 28.5 ±27.5 months; 57.4% were male. The most common location/type of disease was ileocolonic disease (L3). The most common complication of IBD was anaemia, found in 30 (63.8%) children. The observed course of the disease was either severe or moderate. In 4 children younger than 2 years old, surgery was performed.ConclusionsInflammatory bowel disease in children younger than 5 years old includes UC, CD, and a relatively high proportion of IC. In early-onset IBD severe and moderate course of the disease is usually observed. Disease manifestation in these patients is predominantly ileocolonic.

Symptoms of hypertension with accompanying complications result in a significant reduction in patients’ quality of life. Effective conduct of prescribed pharmacotherapy supported by a healthy lifestyle allows to achieve satisfactory effects of treatment, which translates into an improvement in the quality of life of patients. The aim of the work was to determine the quality of life of patients with hypertension and the factors affecting it. The study included 100 people with hypertension, who are patients of the department of internal diseases of the hospital in Hajnówka during the period 1.6.2019–1.12.2019. The questionnaire survey, the standardized WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF scale and the Barthel scale were the research tools. The probability p < 0.05 was assumed as the level of statistical significance. The study group consisted of subjects between 30–89 years old. The majority were men and those living in the city. The average BMI (body mass index) of the subjects was 28.4 kg/m2. The duration of the disease among those surveyed was on average 7 ± 6.34 years. The highest-rated area of quality of life was the physical field and the lowest social sphere according to the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Patients with hypertension have determined their quality of life at a good or medium level in the physical, psychological, social, and environmental sphere. There are many factors that improve quality of life in all areas. These include following the recommendations on modifiable risk factors.

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Introduction The study aimed to evaluate if costal cartilage is a good source of DNA for genetic individual identification tests performed in forensic autopsies. Materials and Methods The study included samples of costal cartilage collected from 80 cadavers retrieved from different environments: indoors (flat/hospital), outdoors (primarily in the forest), a coal mine, a fire site, uninhabited buildings, a basement, bodies of fresh water, exhumation sites, and unknown locations. After isolation of DNA chondrocytes, T. Large autosomal chromosome (214 bp), T. Small autosomal chromosome (80 bp), and the Y chromosome (75 bp; for male cadavers), sequences were amplified using real-time PCR. Additionally, 23 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci and 16 Y chromosome STR loci were amplified using multiplex PCR. Forensic DNA typing was done using capillary electrophoresis and all results were analyzed. Results There was no statistically significant difference in DNA concentration after T. Large, T. Small autosomal chromosome and the Y chromosome amplification between samples collected from cadavers retrieved from different environments. The DNA degradation index was the same regardless of the postmortem interval. The results show that it is possible to generate a full genetic profile from costal cartilage samples collected from cadavers retrieved from different environments and at different times elapsed after death. Conclusions The results suggest that costal cartilage can be routinely collected during forensic autopsies, especially from cadavers at the advanced decomposition stage.