Using a single optical fiber and miniature distal optics, spectrally-encoded endoscopy (SEE) has been demonstrated as a promising, three-dimensional endoscopic imaging method with a large number of resolvable points and high frame rates. We present a detailed theoretical study of the SEE prototype system and probe. Several key imaging parameters of SEE are thoroughly derived and formulated, including the three-dimensional point-spread function and field of view, as well as the system's optical aberrations and fundamental limits. We find that the point-spread function of the SEE system maintains a unique relation between its transverse and axial shapes, discuss the asymmetry of the volumetric field of view, determine that the number of lateral resolvable points is nearly twice than what was previously accepted, and derive an expression for the upper limit for the total number of resolvable points in the cross-sectional image plane.
Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) uses single optical fiber and miniature diffractive optics to allow imaging through a miniature probe. Utilizing Fourier-domain interferometry, SEE was shown capable of video-rate three-dimensional imaging, albeit at limited depth of field due to the limited spectral resolution of the detection spectrometer. We show that by using dispersion management at the reference arm of the interferometer, the tilt and curvature of the field of view could be adjusted without modifying the endoscopic probe itself. By controlling the group velocity dispersion, this technique is demonstrated useful for imaging specimen regions which reside outside the system's depth of field. This approach could be used to improve usability, functionality and image quality of SEE without affecting probe size and flexibility.
Nondestructive imaging of shallow buried objects using acoustic computed tomography Abstract. Spectrally encoded endoscopy is a recently demonstrated imaging technique in which a diffractive element is used to encode locations with wavelengths, enabling simultaneous imaging of multiple image points on the sample. Using spectral domain interferometry, the technique has been demonstrated useful for vibration measurements through a submillimeter endoscopic probe. We demonstrate a full-field bench-top imaging system, which is capable of simultaneous two-dimensional imaging and vibration measurement at each resolvable point on the sample. Multitone signal recovery from the spectral interference signal is experimentally demonstrated and the limitations of the technique are discussed.
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