Paper presents features of simulation model of proecological transport system on the example of Poland. Model allows computational experimentation and inference on transport modal split and emission of pollution in national transport system. Particular elements of the model are characterized: transport networks for different modes, stock of vehicles, demand model for passenger and freight transport, and mechanism of material and passenger flows distribution into a network. Characteristics describing infrastructure, vehicles, and harmful compounds of exhaust gases are given. Model is implemented in PTV VISUM. Road and rail vehicles for passenger and freight transport are characterized and divided into groups according to types. The demand for transport services and emission of exhaust gases components are reflected in model of proecological transport system of Poland. The last part of paper presents exemplary results of research on estimating emission from transport activities.
Energy consumption by distribution warehouses has become an essential component of green warehousing and research on reducing the carbon footprint of supply chains. Energy consumption in warehousing is a complex and multilayered problem, which is generally considered in the literature in relation to its detailed components, not as part of comparative studies. In this article, the authors consider six cross-sectional variants of warehouse technology, from manual to fully automatic, and analyze the energy consumption of a warehouse in various configurations. A methodology for estimating storage space and determining energy consumption is proposed. The energy balance of the warehouse variants includes energy for material handling equipment operation, energy consumption for building maintenance (heating, cooling, lighting, etc.), and energy generated by the photovoltaic system on the roof. Then, the operational costs of the variants are estimated and, on their basis, an automation index is determined. The index allows for a comparative analysis of energy consumption and the mechanization and automation of a warehouse. It is shown that a significant part of the energy is spent on maintaining a warehouse building, especially in the case of facilities with a low degree of automation.
The article presents an approach to assessing the reliability of logistics processes implemented in supply chains in terms of time
losses resulting from the selection of a variant of material flows in the supply chain. In order to define this indicator, a mathematical model of the supply chain has been developed, i.e. the parameters of the research problem, the decision variables, the
constraints and the evaluation criteria. The method of evaluating the reliability of the system is presented in diagram form. The
algorithm was verified based on experimental data. In order to evaluate the reliability of the logistic processes for the sample
supply chain, a simulation model was developed that determines the time losses in the points and linear elements of the examined
chain. Time losses are dictated by traffic delays resulting from traffic congestion on particular sections of the route and road junctions and delays in point elements in the supply chain.
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