Inhaled nitric oxide improves systemic oxygenation in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension and may reduce the need for more invasive treatments.

Objective: To determine the impact of cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) on mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental (ND) outcome rates in extremely preterm infants admitted to a tertiary neonatal unit.Study Design: A total of 1120 eligible infants (<28 weeks gestation) were born from 1998 to 2008 and had at least one cranial ultrasound. ND outcome was determined at 12 to 18 months corrected age.Results: Most CH (75%) occurred in infants <25 weeks gestation. CH did not affect mortality rates, however, it was associated with both mental and motor impairments, with incidence rate ratios of 3.08 (1.71 to 4.84) and 2.12 (1.12 to 3.45), respectively. Moreover, the risk of cerebral palsy (CP) was increased in infants with CH involving the medial part of the cerebellum. Conclusion:Our findings substantiate recent reports about the cerebellum, highlighting its role in cognitive and executive functions, and associating early cerebellar injury not only with CP but also with learning, affective and behavioral disorders.

This multiphase QI initiative was able to reduce the overall AUR at our NICU. The beneficial impact of this decrease in AUR in preterm infants remains to be determined.

Objective This study aimed to determine whether infants who were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were at higher risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) when compared with infants who were not treated with IVB (Laser only). Study Design This retrospective study included 146 infants born from 2009 through 2016 with a birth weight (BW) <1,000 g, gestational age <27 weeks, and required ROP therapy. Death and NDI rates were assessed at 18 to 24 months' corrected age. Results Rates of death or severe NDI were 62 and 53% in the IVB (n = 61) and Laser only (n = 85) groups, respectively. This difference was not statistically different despite sample selection bias in treating growth-restricted infants with IVB, BW (median [IQR]) was 481 (420–583) versus 547 (473–640) g in IVB and Laser only groups, respectively, p = 0.003. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of death or severe NDI was 0.86 (0.33–2.20). Conclusion Bevacizumab therapy for ROP did not affect survival and neurodevelopment of extremely preterm infants. Key Points

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