This article outlines a framework for evaluating the decision of undergraduate students to engage in term-time employment as a method of financing higher education. We then examine the impact of work on academic achievement and find that employment has modest negative effects on student grades, with a grade point average (GPA) falling by 0.007 points per work hour. We use a unique custom dataset based on students at a traditional regional state university that provides information on student motivations and allows us to directly address some of the endogeneity problems that affect existing literature. We find that students who work for primarily financial reasons earn lower grades than students who work for career-specific skills but higher grades than those students motivated by a desire for general work experience.
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This paper employs a Rosen–Roback model to evaluate the bottom line impact of casinos on quality of life and on business productivity in their local area. This approach provides a large practical improvement over the cost–benefit accounting style approach that dominates previous research on casino impacts. Additionally, this study extends the literature by distinguishing among casino types and finds different effects associated with Native American gaming, isolated non‐Native American gaming, and competitive gaming towns. Two‐stage least squares estimation suggests that casinos of all types do very little to affect household quality of life in either direction, although Native American casinos and gaming towns have generated positive business productivity effects. Isolated non‐Native American casinos have not generated productivity effects, but the analysis shows that they could generate positive productivity effects if they located in less densely populated areas and if they are of sufficient size.
This paper proposes a payroll tax and revenue sharing model for Major League Baseball that better aligns the incentives of individual team owners with league-wide goals of competitive balance and cartel profit maximization. The author demonstrates why the current system is poorly suited for improving competitive balance, then argue for a system of transfer payments based on a more aggressive payroll tax combined with a subsidy distributed based on on-field performance rather than market size or financial performance. High-payroll teams would contribute disproportionately to the revenue-sharing pool, while successful teams would receive disproportionately large subsidies. By increasing the marginal value of a win through the performance-based subsidies, small-market teams will see increased incentives to invest in playing talent. The author presents some limited financial data and suggest how to calibrate the model to yield the optimal level of competitive balance and optimal revenue split between players and owners.
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