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Abstract. This paper presents a model for more interactive interface agents. This more interactive style of agents aims to increase the trust and understanding between user and agent, by allowing the agent, under certain conditions, to solicit further input from the user about his preferences and desires. With the user and agent engaging in specific clarification dialogues, the user's input is employed to adjust the agent's model of the user. Moreover, the user is provided with an ability to view this user model, under certain well defined circumstances. Since both the agent and user can take the initiative to interact, basic issues regarding mixed-initiative systems arise. These issues are addressed in our model, which also takes care to restrict the agent's interaction with the user, to avoid bothering the user unduly. We illustrate our design for more interactive interface agents by including some examples in the domain of electronic mail.

Growth and development of Haemonchus contortus were examined in jirds and were compared to these processes in lambs. Number, sex, size, and stage of development were determined for worms recovered at necropsy at various times postinoculation (PI) from immunosuppressed jirds inoculated with approximately 1,000 exsheathed infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus. In addition, gastric tissue samples from jirds were examined histologically. Parallel studies were done in lambs inoculated with approximately 7,500 L3. Typically, 5-30% of the inoculum established and survived in jirds at reasonably stable numbers to day 14 PI. By day 21 PI, worm numbers in jirds decreased dramatically. Although the parasite was similar in size and development on day 4 PI in jirds and lambs, from day 7 PI on, worms were significantly smaller and less developed in jirds. On histological examination, the parasite was found only in the glandular portion of the stomach of jirds (anatomically similar to its predilection site in the abomasum of lambs), and histological changes were consistent for both host species. Although growth and development of H. contortus are slower and incomplete in jirds, the parasite establishes, grows, and develops (at anatomically comparable sites in both hosts) in this model. Thus, the model appears to provide a useful laboratory host to study H. contortus.

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