Heparin can induce heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). The combined effect of type of surgery (major vs minor) and heparin on this prothrombotic immune reaction to platelet factor 4 (PF4)/ heparin was analyzed. In a randomized, double-blind study, trauma patients receiving low-molecular-weight (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) for thrombosis prophylaxis were assessed for PF4/ heparin-antibody seroconversion, HIT, and thrombosis according to type of surgery. The risk for seroconversion was higher than major versus minor surgery odds ratio, 7.98 [95% confidence interval, 2.06-31.00], P ‫؍‬ .003, controlled for potential confounders, as was the risk for HIT (2.2% [95% confidence interval, 0.3%-4.1%] vs 0.0%, P ‫؍‬ .010). During LMWH compared with UFH thromboprophylaxis, HIT (1 of 298 vs 4 of 316; P ‫؍‬ .370) and PF4/heparin seroconversion (1.7% vs 6.6%; P ‫؍‬ .002) were less frequent, driven by differences in patients undergoing major surgery (incidence of HIT: LMWH 0.8% vs UFH 4.0%; P ‫؍‬ .180; seroconversion rates: 4.0% vs 17.0%; P ‫؍‬ .001). After minor surgery, no case of HIT occurred. The severity of trauma and the need for major surgery strongly influence the risk of an anti-PF4/heparin immune response, which is then increased by UFH. In major trauma certoparin may be safer than UFH because it induces HIT-antibody seroconversion, and the corresponding risk of HIT, less frequently. (Blood.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent, nonprofit limited liability company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) supported by the Deutsche Post AG. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. The current research program deals with (1) mobility and flexibility of labor markets, (2) internationalization of labor markets and European integration, (3) the welfare state and labor markets, (4) labor markets in transition, (5) the future of work, and (6) general labor economics. Terms of use: Documents in The Effects of Development on Migration: Theoretical Issues and New Empirical Evidence Ralph Rotte Michael Vogler D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. ABSTRACTThe Effects of Development on Migration:Theoretical Issues and New Empirical Evidence * Empirical research on the determinants of international migration including the LDCs has so far neglected one important issue: the complex relationship of development and migration.Since the beginning of the 1990s several arguments have been discussed which hint at the possibility that progress in development of less developed regions might lead to more migration, even if income differentials to the potential destination regions decrease. This paper presents these arguments and tests them for the case of migration to Germany from 86 Asian and African countries from 1981 to 1995. The results confirm the importance of dissolving financial restrictions on migration, migration networks, and changes in the societal structure of the sending countries as well as the existence of a home preference. It is shown, however, that population growth does not necessarily lead to more international migration. The estimations also control for the political situation in the home countries and for institutional measures in the host country.JEL Classific...

Migration has become a major concern of European development policies. By improving socio-economic and political conditions through development cooperation, a reduction of South-North migration flows is envisaged. This new approach is examined by analyzing the causes of asylum migration from developing countries to Germany. The econometric findings suggest that support of democracy, economic development and trade will not reduce migration, at least not in the medium-run. However, restrictive legal measures work. Migration control by international development cooperation therefore seems to need a long-term perspective.

No abstract

Abstract-Internet of Things solutions are typically domainspecific, relying on heterogeneous hardware, communication protocols and data models. In such system environments, the deployment of IoT applications is very intricate. The application environments differ from one system to another and service management procedures are non-standardized, making it hard for solution providers to efficiently deploy and configure applications for a large number of users. This paper proposes to employ TOSCA-a new standard for cloud service management-to systematically specify the components and configurations of IoT applications. We will demonstrate that, by using TOSCA, application models can be reused, and deployment processes can be automated in heterogeneous IoT system environments.

Abstract-Cloud computing technologies have recently been intensively exploited for the development and management of large-scale IoT systems, due to their capability to integrate diverse types of IoT devices and to support big IoT data analytics in an elastic manner. However, due to the diversity, complexity and scale of IoT systems, the need to handle large volumes of IoT data in a nontrivial manner, and the plethora of domaindependent IoT controls, programming IoT applications on cloud platforms still remains a great challenge. To date, existing work neglects high-level programming models and focuses on lowlevel IoT data and device integration. In this paper, we outline PatRICIA, which aims at providing an end-to-end solution for high-level programming and provisioning of IoT applications on cloud platforms. We present a novel programming model, based on the concept of intent and intent scope. Further, we introduce its runtime for dealing with the complexity, diversity and scale of IoT systems in the cloud. Our programming model defines abstractions to enable easier, efficient and more intuitive development of cloud-scale IoT applications. To illustrate our programming model, we present a case study with real-world applications for controlling and managing electric vehicles.

No abstract

No abstract