La migración busca mejorar el nivel y calidad de vida del migrante, pero genera presiones socioeconómicas en las ciudades receptoras del flujo migratorio, que a veces no cuentan con la infraestructura financiera o espacial para soportar el aumento demográfico. El propósito fundamental de esta investigación es comprender cómo ha sido la migración en Colombia y cuáles pueden ser las propuestas que permitan el retorno del migrante a las zonas rurales, para mejorar la calidad de vida en estas áreas. Se encontraron diferentes motivaciones entre los migrantes, los impactos que generan y su situación al final del flujo, lo que permitió concluir que se deben mejorar los ingresos y las oportunidades económicas y sociales de las zonas rurales, como parte de una política estatal inclusiva.
The supply chain has changed over the years, and with technological innovations, many tools have been developed today that seek the optimization of time and costs in this process; unfortunately, there is still a gap between companies with the capacity to implement these developments and small and medium-sized companies. This chapter seeks to show how artificial intelligence has emerged with a portfolio of solutions applicable to the supply chain management, some of which are still under development but are aimed at simplifying and automating these processes. The chapter will define these concepts to then show the different applications that artificial intelligence has in the management of the supply chain to conclude and pose the future challenges that the supply chain will face and that can be solved with the use of technologies innovative and disruptive.
Senior entrepreneurship is a topic that has recently given rise to research processes, given the change that occurs in the composition of the world population, with a declining birth rate and a life expectancy upward, and the permanent need of governments to generate more jobs. The first studies of senior entrepreneurship were conducted in the mid-90s, when it began to be identified that people over 50 were developing business initiatives, late, with particularities that differentiated them from the creation of companies in a general framework. In Colombia research processes have not been developed on this topic, and given the importance of it, this chapter presents the results of entrepreneurship in neighborhood stores, establishing the differences that are found between young entrepreneurs and mature entrepreneurs, in the integral management of their business.
New forms of production and consumption seek greater respect for the environment and the environment in which economic agents are. This has led to circular business practices becoming more important and generating benefits in the final product. This chapter will show the relationship between this practice and SMEs, the problems faced by these companies, and the benefits that this practice can generate for the growth and competitiveness of organizations. The chapter will show in its first part the evolution of the circular economy, and then explain the relationship between it and the SMEs, highlighting the problems and obstacles faced by these companies to implement best practices in production. Finally, recommendations are given to facilitate the implementation of this practice in companies.
Society in general has had a constant concern throughout its history and especially in recent years, where inequality has increased, and many more people live in poverty or in worse situations. Different economists have studied this situation and proposed solutions to it; governments have embarked on a constant fight to improve the economic and development conditions of the population, since this affects other indicators; but it looks like this battle is being lost globally. This chapter sought to analyze the dynamics of development in a series of countries through the analysis of different macroeconomic indicators, which were related to the financial crises of the last 15 years to determine the effect of the globalization of financial markets on nations in developing. The results of this analysis showed that although there is greater financial globalization, the crises have negatively affected the growth and economic development process of developing nations and have increased the social and economic gaps between countries.
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