With empirical research on team resilience on the rise, there is a need for an integrative conceptual model that delineates the essential elements of this concept and offers a heuristic for the integration of findings across studies. To address this need, we propose a multilevel model of team resilience that originates in the resources of individual team members and emerges as a team-level construct through dynamic person-situation interactions that are triggered by adverse events. In so doing, we define team resilience as an emergent outcome characterized by the trajectory of a team's functioning, following adversity exposure, as one that is largely unaffected or returns to normal levels after some degree of deterioration in functioning. This conceptual model offers a departure point for future work on team resilience and reinforces the need to incorporate inputs and process mechanisms inherent within dynamic interactions among individual members of a team. Of particular, importance is the examination of these inputs, process mechanisms and emergent states, and outcomes over time, and in the context of task demands, objectives, and adverse events.
Practitioner pointsTeam resilience as a dynamic, multilevel phenomenon requires clarity on the individual-and team-level factors that foster its emergence within occupational and organizational settings. An understanding of the nature (e.g., timing, chronicity) of adverse events is key to studying and intervening to foster team resilience within occupational and organizational settings.
The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the literature on team resilience to gain insight into current thinking regarding its definition and conceptualisation, and to identify how researchers have operationalised and measured this concept. We conducted a systematic scoping review using the following 5-phase approach proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005): identifying the research question, identifying potentially relevant studies, study filtering and selection, charting the data, and collating, summarising and reporting the results.A total of seven databases were searched, followed by a citation search of eligible papers via Google Scholar. Of the 275 articles identified via the search process, 27 papers were deemed eligible for review. Several key findings regarding the literature on team resilience were observed: (i) definitions varied in terms of content (e.g., input or process), breadth (e.g., unidimensional versus multidimensional), and quality (e.g., essential and necessary attributes of key components); (ii) there was a predominance of single-level conceptualisations of team resilience; and (iii) there has been a reliance on cross-sectional research designs in empirical studies, which is incongruent with the dynamic nature of this concept. Key recommendations from the findings of this scoping review include: the need to advance the definitional quality of team resilience, the need to develop an overarching theoretical framework to integrate existing research with future work, and the use of methodological approaches that are commensurate with the multilevel, dynamic nature of team resilience.
Football players adapt their movements to opportunities within the surrounding environment by engaging in Visual Exploratory Activity (VEA) to pickup information. This study adds to the extant literature by using a six-week PETTLEP imagery intervention to train VEA and improve performance with the ball. A single-case, multiple-baseline across participants' design was conducted with five elite academy football players. Results indicated that a PETTLEP imagery intervention improved VEA, particularly in center midfielders. Additionally, indications of improvements in performance with the ball were present within some participants. Future researchers could examine the processes underpinning VEA to enhance applied interventions for this skill.
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