We calculate the contributions of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes to the K L − K S mass difference ∆M K , the parameter ε K , the B 0 d,s −B 0 d,s mixing mass differences ∆M d,s and rare decays K + → π + νν, K L → π 0 νν, K L → µ + µ − , B → X s,d νν and B s,d → µμ in the Appelquist, Cheng and Dobrescu (ACD) model with one universal extra dimension. For the compactification scale 1/R = 200 GeV the KK effects in these processes are governed by a 17% enhancement of the ∆F = 2 box diagram function S(x t , 1/R) and by a 37% enhancement of the Z 0 penguin diagram function C(x t /1/R) relative to their Standard Model (SM) values. This implies the suppressions of |V td | by 8%, ofη by 11% and of the angle γ in the unitarity triangle by 10 • . ∆M s is increased by 17%. ∆M K is essentially uneffected. All branching ratios considered in this paper are increased with a hierarchical structure of enhancements: K + → π + νν (16%),and B s → µμ (72%). For 1/R = 250 (300) GeV all these effects are decreased roughly by a factor of 1.5 (2.0). We emphasize that the GIM mechanism assures the convergence of the sum over the KK modes in the case of Z 0 penguin diagrams and we give the relevant Feynman rules for the five dimensional ACD model. We also emphasize that a consistent calculation of branching ratios has to take into account the modifications in the values of the CKM parameters. As a byproduct we confirm the dominant O(g 2 G F m 4 t R 2 ) correction from the KK modes to the Z 0 bb vertex calculated recently in the large m t limit. model that are relevant for our analysis. In particular, we give in appendix A the set of the relevant Feynman rules in the ACD model that have not been given so far in the literature. In section 3, we calculate the KK contributions to the box diagram function S and we discuss the implications of these contributions for ∆M K , ∆M d , ∆M s , ε K and the unitarity triangle. In section 4, we calculate the corresponding corrections to the functions X and Y that receive the dominant contribution from Z 0 -penguins and we analyze the implications of these corrections for the rare decays K + → π + νν, K L → π 0 νν, K L → µ + µ − , B → X s,d νν and B s,d → µμ. In section 5, we summarize our results and give a brief outlook.Very recently an analysis of ∆M d,s in the ACD model has been presented in [18]. In the first version of this paper the result for the function S found by these authors differed significantly from our result with the effect of the KK modes being by roughly a factor of two larger than what we find. After the first appearence of our paper the authors of [18] identified errors in their calculation and confirmed our result for S. However, we disagree with their claim that the reduction of the error on the parameter B B d F B d by a factor of three will necessarily increase the lowest allowed value of the compactification scale 1/R to 740 GeV. We will address this point at the end of section 3. The Five Dimensional ACD ModelThe five dimensional UED model introduced by Appelquist, Cheng and Dobrescu...

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With the advent of the LHC, we will be able to probe New Physics (NP) up to energy scales almost one order of magnitude larger than it has been possible with present accelerator facilities. While direct detection of new particles will be the main avenue to establish the presence of NP at the LHC, indirect searches will provide precious complementary information, since most probably it will not be possible to measure the full spectrum of new particles and their couplings through direct production. In particular, precision measurements and computations in the realm of flavor physics are expected to play a key role in constraining the unknown parameters of the Lagrangian of any NP model emerging from direct searches at the LHC.The aim of Working Group 2 was twofold: on the one hand, to provide a coherent up-to-date picture of the status of flavor physics before the start of the LHC; on the other hand, to initiate activities on the path towards integrating information on NP from high-p T and flavor data.This report is organized as follows: in Sect. 1, we give an overview of NP models, focusing on a few examples that have been discussed in some detail during the workshop, with a short description of the available computational tools for flavor observables in NP models. Section 2 contains a concise discussion of the main theoretical problem in flavor physics: the evaluation of the relevant hadronic matrix elements for weak decays. Section 3 contains a detailed discussion of NP effects in a set of flavor observables that we identified as "benchmark channels" for NP searches. The experimental prospects for flavor physics at future facilities are discussed in Sect. 4. Finally, Sect. 5 contains some assessEur. Phys. J. C (2008) 57: 309-492 311 ments on the work done at the workshop and the prospects for future developments.

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Humans maintain a body image of themselves, which plays a central role in controlling bodily movement, planning action, recognising and naming actions performed by others, and requesting or executing commands. This paper explores through experiments with autonomous humanoid robots how such a body image could form. Robots play a situated embodied language game called the Action Game in which they ask each other to perform bodily actions. They start without any prior inventory of names, without categories for visually recognising body movements of others, and without knowing the relation between visual images of motor behaviours carried out by others and their own motor behaviours. Through diagnostic and repair strategies carried out within the context of action games, they progressively self-organise an effective lexicon as well as bi-directional mappings between the visual and the motor domain. The agents thus establish and continuously adapt networks linking perception, body representation, action and language.

In this series:1. Steels, Luc. The Talking Heads Experiment: Origins of words and meanings.2. Vogt, Paul. How mobile robots can self-organize a vocabulary.3. Bleys, Joris. Language strategies for the domain of colour.4. van Trijp, Remi. The evolution of case grammar.5. Spranger, Michael. The evolution of grounded spatial language.